a&p ch4 tissues mcq exam

merocrine glands

secrete products by exocytosis as secretions are produced (sweat, pancreas).

holocrine glands

accumulates products within, then ruptures (sebaceous oil glands).

apocrine glands

accumulate products within, but only apex ruputues; whether this types exists in humans is controversial (maybe mammary cells).

found in columnar epithelia

what type of epithelia are goblet cells found?

cardiac muscle

Where do you find the intercalated discs?

areolar and reticular connective tissue

What type of loose connective tissue would you find macrophages?

White fat

has nutrient storage and richly vascularized as it functions in shock absorption, and insulation

Hyaline

found at tips of long bones, nose, trachea, larynx, and cartilage of the ribs

Elastic

found in ears and epiglottis

Fibrocartilage

found in areas such as intervertebral discs and knee

epithelial, areolar, dense irreg., blood, bone

regenerate extremely well

smooth muscle, dense reg.

moderate regeneration:

cardiac muscle, nervous tissue

no functional regeneration

areolar, adipose, reticular

loose

dense regular, dense irregular, elastic

dense

osteoblasts, osteocyte, collagen, inorganic calcium salts, osteons, lacunae, hematopoietic stemcells

Know what you may find in bone

Fibroblasts

found in connective tissue proper

Chondroblasts

found in cartilage

Osteoblasts

found in bone

Microvilli

increase surface area

Cilia

aids in movement

ground substance and fibers

What connective tissue structural elements make up the extracellular matrix?

fat cells, macrophages, white blood cells, fibroblasts

What type of cells will you see in areolar connective tissue?

Main functions are to protect, absorb, filtrate, excrete, secrete, and sensory reception.

What is a big function of epithelial tissue? Be able to make a connection to body function.

Collagen fibers

touch; provides high tensile strength

Elastic fibers

networks of long, thin, elastin fibers that allow for stretch and recoil

Reticular

short, fine, highly branched collagenous fibers

Tissues

groups of cells similar in structure that perform common or related function

Histology

study of tissues

exocrine secrete substances into a ductal system to an epithelial surface, endocrine secrete products directly into the bloodstream

Know the difference between endocrine and exocrine glands.

Inflammation sets stage

Step 1:
step in tissue repair
release of inflammatory chemicals causes, clotting of blood to occurs

Organization restores blood supply

Step 2:
epithelium begins to regenerate

Regeneration and fibrosis effect permanent repair

Step 3: epithelium thickens and begins to resemble adjacent tissue

ground substance, fibers, cells

Know the main components of CT

bind and support, protect, insulate, storing reserve fuel, and transporting substances (blood)

Know the main job of connective tissue.

cardiac-walls of the heart, skeletal-attached to bones, smooth-walls of hollow organs

Where would you find cardiac muscle, smooth muscle, and skeletal muscle?

mesenchyme

a type of animal tissue comprised of loose cells embedded in a mesh of proteins and fluid, called the extracellular matrix

epidermis

keratinized stratified squamous epithelium

The structure of glands. Categorize the multicellular exocrine glands. Be able to look at a picture and categorize it. Be able to categorize it from a description as well.

actin, myosin

What makes up myofilaments?

epithelial, ct proper

Membrane linings and coverings are composed of what two tissues?

apical- upper free side, basal-lower attached side

Define apical surface and basal surface.

smooth and cardiac muscle are involuntary while skeletal muscles are voluntary.

List the muscle tissues and categorize them as voluntary or involuntary.

mesothelium

is a protective membrane found in covering the lungs, abdomen, heart, and testes.

You name stratified epithelium by looking at the outermost layer

How do you name stratified epithelium?

simple squamous epithelium

-cells are FLATTENED LATERALLY, cytoplasm is SPARSE
-function where RAPID DIFFUSION is priority
-see weird/squiggly shape with lots of nuclei in between
-KIDNEYS, LUNGS, HEART LINING, BLOOD & LYMPHATIC VESSELS, VENTRAL BODY LINING

simple cuboidal epithelium

-SINGLE layer of cells
-SECRETION & ABSORPTION
-see donuts
-forms WALLS of SMALLEST DUCTS of GLANDS, KIDNEY TUBULES, OVARY STRUCTURE

simple columnar epithelium

-single layer of TALL, CLOSELY packed cells
-MUCUS secreting GOBLET CELLS
-ABSORPTION, secretion of MUCUS, ENZYMES, & other substances
-NONCILIATED: DIGESTIVE TRACT, GALLBLADDER, EXCRETORY DUCTS
-CILIATED: SMALL BRONCHI, UTERINE TUBES, UTERUS

pseudostratified columnar epithelium

-cells vary in height & appear stratified but is SINGLE layered
-many cells are ciliated
-SECRETION & MOVEMENT of MUCUS via CILIARY SWEEPING action
-NONCILIATED: SPERM-CARRYING DUCTS, DUCTS OF LARGE GLANDS
-CILIATED: UPPER RESPIRATORY TRACT, TRACHEA

fixed

List the steps in preparing tissue to be viewed under a microscope.

1: tissue is preserved with solvent

sectioned

List the steps in preparing tissue to be viewed under a microscope.

2: cut into thin slices to transmit light/electrons

stained

List the steps in preparing tissue to be viewed under a microscope.

3: to enhance contrast though artifacts detract from what the sample looks like in living tissues
-light microscopy uses colored dyes
-electron microscopy uses heavy metal coatings

cutaneous membrane

-Another name for skin
-keratinized stratified squamous epithelium (epidermis) attached to a thick layer of connective tissue (dermis)
-Unlike other membranes, skin is a dry membrane

mucous membrane

-Mucosa indicates location, not cell composition, Also called mucosae
-Line body cavities that are open to the exterior (example: digestive, respiratory, urogenital tracts)
-moist membranes bathed by secretions (or urine)
-Epithelial sheet lies over layer of loose connective tissue called lamina propria
-May secrete mucus

serous membrane

-Also called serosae
-Found in closed ventral body cavities
Constructed from simple squamous epithelium (called mesothelium) resting on thin areolar connective tissue
parietal serosae line internal body cavity walls
visceral serosae cover internal organs
Cavity between layers is filled with slippery serous fluid, so these are moist membranes
Special names given to show location: pleurae (lungs), pericardium (heart), peritoneum (abdomen)

endothelium

can be found in most artieres, brain veins and capillaries, skin, lung, heart, and muscle.

Brown fat

uses lipid fuels to heat bloodstream rather than to produce ATP, as does white fat.