1/44
Fill-in-the-blank flashcards covering historical origins of cell theory, differences between prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells, and the structure and function of major cellular components and organelles.
Name | Mastery | Learn | Test | Matching | Spaced |
---|
No study sessions yet.
According to the cell theory, all living things are made of cells, cells are the basic unit of life and the foundational structure of all organisms.
cells are the basic unit of life and the foundational structure of all organisms.
According to the cell theory, cells arise only from the reproduction (cell division) of pre-existing cells.
reproduction (cell division)
Robert Hooke coined the word “cells” when observing cork in 1665.
1665
The first person to view living microorganisms with a simple microscope was Antonie van Leeuwenhoek (1673).
Antonie van Leeuwenhoek (1673)
Matthias Schleiden concluded that all plants are made of cells.
plants
Theodor Schwann concluded that all animals are made of cells.
animals
Rudolph Virchow stated that all cells come from pre-existing cells.
all cells
A cell is the fundamental structural and functional unit of life.
structural and functional
Prokaryotic cells lack a nucleus and membrane-bound organelles.
nucleus
The bacterial cell wall is composed mainly of peptidoglycan.
Circular DNA in a prokaryote is located in the nucleoid region.
nucleoid
Small extra-chromosomal DNA molecules in bacteria are called plasmids.
plasmids
The polysaccharide layer outside some bacterial cell walls is the capsule.
capsule
Small bristle-like surface fibres that aid Gram-negative bacteria in attachment are fimbriae.
fimbriae
Rigid tubular structures that transfer DNA between bacterial cells are sex pili.
sex pili
Eukaryotic cells possess a nucleus and membrane-bound organelles.
membrane
The double layer of phospholipids and proteins surrounding every cell is the plasma (cell) membrane.
plasma (cell) membrane
The fluid portion of cytoplasm consisting mostly of water, salts and enzymes is the cytosol.
cytosol
The organelle responsible for synthesizing proteins is the ribosome.
ribosome
Rough ER is studded with ribosomes on its cytoplasmic surface.
ribosomes
Smooth ER is especially involved in the synthesis of lipids.
lipids
Proteins and lipids are modified, sorted and packaged in the Golgi apparatus.
Golgi apparatus
Digestive enzymes are enclosed within lysosomes.
lysosomes
Hydrogen peroxide is broken down by catalase inside peroxisomes.
peroxisomes
The organelle that produces most cellular ATP is the mitochondrion.
mitochondrion
Stacks of thylakoids containing chlorophyll are found in the chloroplast of plant cells.
chloroplast
A large central vacuole in plant cells stores water and helps maintain turgor pressure.
vacuole
The rigid outer layer made of cellulose in plant cells is the cell wall.
cell wall
Microtubules, microfilaments and intermediate filaments together form the cytoskeleton.
cytoskeleton
In animal cells, a pair of perpendicular structures that organize the mitotic spindle are centrioles.
centrioles
Short, numerous, coordinated projections used for movement are called cilia.
cilia
Long, whip-like projections used for cell locomotion are flagella.
flagella
The microtubule-organizing center containing centrioles is the centrosome.
centrosome
Organelles in the endomembrane system communicate via membrane channels or small vesicles.
vesicles
Transport vesicles carry proteins from the rough ER to the Golgi apparatus.
Golgi apparatus
The selective permeability of the plasma membrane helps maintain cellular homeostasis
homeostasis
The membranous network continuous with the nuclear envelope and involved in synthesis is the endoplasmic reticulum.
endoplasmic reticulum
DNA appears as chromatin in non-dividing eukaryotic cells.
chromatin
During cell division, DNA condenses to form chromosomes.
chromosomes
The dense body inside the nucleus that produces ribosomal subunits is the nucleolus.
nucleolus
Bacterial ribosomes consist of a small 30S subunit and a large 50S subunit.
30S
The cell wall of Gram-positive bacteria has a thick layer of peptidoglycan.
peptidoglycan
Plant cell expansion is partly controlled by the cell wall.
cell wall
Storage granules in bacteria can aid in identification (via staining) of species.
identification (via staining)
Photosynthesis that captures sunlight to make ATP occurs in the chloroplasts.
chloroplasts