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What is "Word Salad"?

• Completely incoherent speech where words are jumbled together randomly.

• Example: "Blue sleep apple highway runs the bottle."

What are Clang Associations?

• Speech where words are chosen based on sound (rhyming) rather than meaning.

• Example: "The train brain strain gains rain."

What is Tangential Speech?

• Going off-topic and never returning to the original point.

• Example:

  • Question: "Where do you live?"

  • Answer: "Well, I used to live in Texas, and Texas has the best BBQ, but my uncle prefers burgers, and speaking of burgers..." (never answers the question).

What are Neologisms?

• Made-up words that only have meaning to the person using them.

• Example: "I have to go to the flibberflop to buy groceries."

What are the three symptom categories of schizophrenia?

• Positive (hallucinations, delusions), Negative (lack of motivation, emotion, speech), Disorganized (speech/behavior).

What is the difference between hallucinations and delusions?

• Hallucinations = False sensory experiences (hearing voices, seeing things).

• Delusions = False beliefs (thinking the FBI is watching you).

What are examples of disorganized speech in schizophrenia?

Word Salad, Clang Associations, Tangential Speech, Neologisms.

What happens in the prodromal phase of schizophrenia?

Early warning signs: Social withdrawal, odd behavior, mild hallucinations/delusions.

How long must schizophrenia symptoms last for a diagnosis?

At least 6 months (including prodromal phase).

What is the key difference between schizophrenia and schizophreniform disorder?

Schizophrenia lasts 6+ months, while Schizophreniform lasts 1-6 months.

What is the main symptom of Delusional Disorder?

• Persistent delusions for 1+ month, but no hallucinations or disorganized symptoms.

How is Brief Psychotic Disorder different from schizophrenia?

Brief Psychotic Disorder lasts less than 1 month and is usually triggered by stress.

What makes Schizoaffective Disorder different from schizophrenia?

Schizoaffective Disorder includes mood disorder symptoms (Depression or Mania).

How does substance abuse worsen schizophrenia symptoms?

Increases positive symptoms, relapse risk, hospitalization, and violence risk.

What percentage of schizophrenia patients also have substance use disorder?

47%

What percentage of schizophrenia patients commit suicide?

• 10-15%.

What are common comorbid conditions with schizophrenia?

Substance use, depression, anxiety, bipolar disorder.

What are examples of disorganized behavior?

Bizarre or inappropriate actions (e.g., shouting, pacing, laughing at nothing).

How long must schizophrenia symptoms last for a diagnosis?

At least 6 months (including prodromal phase), with at least 1 month of active-phase symptoms.

What are the DSM-5 criteria for diagnosing schizophrenia?

The DSM-5 criteria for diagnosing schizophrenia include the presence of two or more of the following symptoms for a significant portion of time during a one-month period: delusions, hallucinations, disorganized speech, grossly disorganized or catatonic behavior, and negative symptoms. Additionally, social or occupational dysfunction must be present, and symptoms must persist for at least six months.

What are the three phases of schizophrenia?

• Prodromal Phase: Early signs (social withdrawal, odd behavior, strange ideas).

• Active Phase: Full symptoms appear (delusions, hallucinations, disorganized speech).

• Residual Phase: Lingering negative symptoms (lack of motivation, emotion, speech).

What happens in the prodromal phase of schizophrenia?

Social withdrawal, unusual thinking, odd behavior, mild symptoms.

What triggers the active phase of schizophrenia?

• Stressful life events can trigger full-blown symptoms.

What symptoms remain in the residual phase of schizophrenia?

Negative symptoms (lack of emotion, motivation, speech).

How is schizophreniform disorder different from schizophrenia?

Schizophreniform disorder lasts 1-6 months (shorter than schizophrenia).

What is Brief Psychotic Disorder?

Lasts less than 1 month, often triggered by stress (e.g., death of a loved one).

What is Delusional Disorder?

1+ delusions for at least 1 month, but NO hallucinations, disorganized speech, or negative symptoms.

How is schizoaffective disorder different from schizophrenia?

Schizoaffective Disorder includes mood disorder symptoms (Depression or Mania).

What is disorganized behavior in schizophrenia?

Bizarre or inappropriate actions (e.g., shouting, pacing, laughing at nothing).

What is catatonia?

A movement disorder where a person may stay frozen in one position or repeat movements for hours.

What is echolalia?

Repeating words or phrases spoken by others (like an echo).

What is catatonic immobility?

Holding a strange posture for long periods of time (e.g., standing still with arms raised).

A person starts isolating themselves, speaks strangely, and seems to be losing touch with reality. What phase of schizophrenia are they in?

Prodromal Phase (Early warning signs: social withdrawal, odd behavior, mild hallucinations/delusions).