A Brief History of Anthropology and 'Culture'

These flashcards cover key concepts and terms from the lecture on the history of anthropology and cultural understanding.

What is defined as multiplicity and variety in relation to understanding people across cultures?

Diversity.

What does 'cultural relativism' encourage us to do?

Strive to understand another person’s beliefs, behaviors, and perspectives within the context of their own culture.

What is the significance of the term 'culture' in anthropology?

A variously shared system of ideas, meanings, symbols, materials, and practices that help orient and coordinate shared social action.

Who is known for critiquing the 'evolutionist' approach to culture?

Franz Boas.

What does 'participant-observation' mean in the context of anthropology?

A research method involving both observing and participating in the social activities of the community being studied.

What is the concept of 'ethnocentrism'?

The tendency to view one’s own culture as most important and correct.

What were the two main meanings of 'cultura' in Ancient Rome?

Literal - cultivating plants, agriculture. Figurative - care, honor.

What does 'holism' refer to in the study of anthropology?

Efforts to synthesize distinct approaches into a single, comprehensive understanding.

What was the main focus of the ethnographic research methods and analysis portfolio?

To involve fieldwork research, data analysis, and the application of course materials in essays.

What mistaken belief does cultural evolutionism promote?

That cultural difference is due to inherent biological and intellectual superiority of one group over another.