8/25 - Specialized Bones and Bone Components

Bone Components, Specialized Bones

Cancellous

What type of bone is found in the interiors of long and short bones? It is spongy, porous, and contains red bone marrow, osteoclasts, and osteoblasts.

Red bone marrow

What substance found in cancellous bone is the producer of red blood cells?

Osteoblasts

What cells found in cancellous bone are the producers of bone?

Osteoclasts

What cells found in cancellous bone break down old bone?

5-10

What percentage range of cardiac output is directed towards the bones?

Nutrient

Which artery is the one which supplies blood/nutrients to the diaphysis or shaft of long bones?

Epiphyseal

Which arteries in long bones supply blood/nutrients to the epiphyses?

Metaphyseal

Which artery in long bones has an anastomoses with the nutrient artery and supplies blood/nutrients to the metaphysis?

Anastomosis

What is the term for the connection between arteries such as the metaphyseal and nutrient arteries in long bones?

Periosteum

What is the term for the dense connective tissue around bones that contain venules which collect blood from bone veins?

Cortical

What type of circulation occurs in bones which allows blood to flow from inside the bone to outside in veins? Also called centrifugal circulation.

Short

Which type of bones has the same width/length, can be found grouped together, has cancellous and compact bone? Examples are carpals.

Flat

Which type of bones have two major surfaces with two sheets of compact bone and a thin layer of cancellous bone in between? Examples are cranium, pelvic girdle, scapula.

sesamoid, splanchnic, pneumatic

What are the three types of specialized bones found throughout the body?

Sesamoid

What is the type of bone found in tendons where sudden changes of direction and significant friction occur, over the prominences of bones, and at synovial joints and against major bones? Example is the patella.

Splanchnic

What is the type of bone found in soft tissues away from the skeleton? Examples are the os penis and ossa cardis.

Pneumatic

What is the type of bone such as the skull bones that are invaded by nasal mucosa and linked to the nasal cavity? Examples are paranasal sinuses and post-cranial bones in birds.

Omotransversarius

What is the extrinsic muscle labeled 1 in the diagram?

latissimus dorsi

What is the extrinsic muscle labeled 2 in the diagram?

Cleidobrachialis

What is the extrinsic muscle labeled 3 in the diagram?

Rhomboideus

What is the extrinsic muscle labeled 2 in the diagram?

Serratus ventralis

What is the extrinsic muscle labeled 1 in the diagram?

Trapezius

What is the extrinsic muscle labeled 1 in the diagram?

Superficial pectoral

What is the extrinsic muscle labeled 2 in the diagram?

Rhomboideal

What is the extrinsic muscle labeled 1 in the diagram?

Serratus ventralis

What is the extrinsic muscle labeled 2 in the diagram?

cleidocervicalis

What is the extrinsic muscle labeled 3 in the diagram?

deep pectoral

What is the extrinsic muscle labeled with the right arrow in the diagram?

superficial pectoral

What is the extrinsic muscle labeled with the left arrow in the diagram?

Clavicular intersection

What is the term used for the division point between the cleidobrachialis and the cleidocervicalis portions of the brachiocephalic muscle?

cleidocervicalis, cleidomastoid

What are the two upper portions of the brachiocephalicus muscle? They both go to different areas of the neck and are named accordingly.

deep pectoral

What is the extrinsic muscle that lies on the chest, below the superficial pectoral?

Extrinsic

Muscles that originate from the body and attach to the appendage are known as what?

Intrinsic

Muscles that are contained entirely on an appendage are known as what?