History - Islam/Crusades/Black Death

Causes & Spreads of the Black Death

Causes:

• Fleas on rats that bit people

• Poor hygiene made it spread quickly

Spreads

• Poor hygiene

• Limited medicine

• Didn’t know what the disease was

Black Death - Connection to the fall of feudalism

• Less people so peasants became more rich

• Moved up in classes

  • Not feudalism

• Peasants were demanding more and were leaving farms

  • Not feudalism

5 Pillars

Shahadah

Salat

Zakat

Siyam

Hajj

Shahadah

Declaration of faith

“There is no God but Allah and Muhammad is the messenger of God”

Salat

Prayer 5x Day

At dawn, noon, mid afternoon, sunset, nightfall

Pray towards the Ka’bah no matter where in the world

Zakat

Give 2.5% of income to less fortunate. For charity, shelters, soup kitchens, clothes

Siyam

Fasting (during Ramadan)

Daybreak to sunset

Hajj

Pilgrimage to Mecca 1x in a Muslim’s life

Qur’an

Direct word of God - describes His teachings

Commands people to do the 5 pillars

Most important book

Sunnah

Recorded example Muhammad set for the Muslims

Explains how to perform the 5 pillars

Cause of Crusades

Seljuk Turks took over Jerusalem and didn’t allow pilgrimages there for Christians and Jews

Turks advanced on Constantinople, starting the 1st Crusade

Seljuk Turks

Sunni Muslims who took over Jerusalem and didn’t allow pilgrimages. Started Crusades by advancing on Constantinople.

Fatimids

Shia Egyptians who took over Jerusalem when the Seljuk Turks were expanding more

Christians could regain the city and won the 1st Crusade

Saladin

Egyptian king during the 3rd Crusade who lead the Muslim attack on Jerusalem and made a truce with Richard the Lionheart

Pope Urban II

Began 1st Crusade because he wanted to unify Europe and give them a common enemy

Pope Gregory

Pope during 3rd Crusade

Made truce with King Saladin

Life of Muhammad

Began as merchant

Visited by Gabriel who told him he was a prophet

Began preaching but was then rejected and forced out of Mecca

In Jerusalem, he was taken on a Night Journey where he went to heaven and visited other prophets

Went to Medina with Muslims on a journey called the Hijrah

Died

Crusade impact on Muslims

Gained military and weapon exposure

Muslims united by Salah al-Din

Crusades impact on Christians

Weakened feudalism - monarchs became more powerful

Learned of new goods in the Middle East

More taxes

Crusades impact of Jews

Suffered persecutions

Banned from many countries - France, England, Germany, etc.

Murdered

Segregation lasted for hundreds of years

Sunni

90% of Muslims

Orthodox Muslims

Believe Sunnah is important

Elect leaders based on skill

Shia

10% of Muslims

Poor

Believe Muslim leaders should be related to Muhammad

3 branches: Zaidis, Ismailis, Ithna Asharis