Infection Control

Pathogenic

Microorganisms that cause disease when not in their normal host or environment.

Medical asepsis

A cleaning technique that aims to reduce the number of pathogens through hand hygiene, proper use of gloves, and sanitizing surfaces.

Surgical asepsis

The complete removal of all microorganisms, used during invasive procedures.

Infectious diseases

Illnesses spread from one person to another, or from animals to humans, typically caused by pathogens.

Chain of infection

A process that includes infectious agent, reservoir/source, portal of exit, means of transmission, portal of entry, and susceptible host.

Universal precautions

Guidelines to prevent healthcare professionals from exposure to infections, especially when in contact with blood or body fluids.

Bloodborne pathogens

Infectious microorganisms in blood that can cause disease, such as HIV, HBV, and HCV.

Disinfection

The process of destroying pathogens or rendering them inactive on surfaces and items.

Sterilization

The destruction of all living organisms, including spores, typically involving disinfection and sanitization prior to this process.

Sanitization

The cleaning process that reduces the number of microorganisms to a safe level.

Intermediary transmission

Transmission of pathogens through contact with objects or surfaces, like a pencil or contaminated table.

Fit test

A required evaluation to ensure a tight-fitting respirator provides proper protection.

Healthcare Associated Infection

Infections people acquire while receiving healthcare for another condition.

PPE

Personal Protective Equipment, such as gloves, gowns, and masks, used to protect healthcare workers.

Low-level disinfection

Destroys most vegetative bacteria and some viruses and fungi, often used on exam tables.

High-level disinfection

Kills all microorganisms except for a small number of bacterial spores; used for instruments that contact mucous membranes.

How to Don PPE

Perform handwash, select appropriate gloves, and place gloves on hands while adjusting as necessary.

How to Doff PPE

Remove gloves in a way that prevents contact with the outer surface, dispose in appropriate container, and wash hands.

Standard precautions

Infection prevention strategies recommended by the CDC, including handwashing and using gloves with body fluid exposure.