CVA’s and Neuroplasticity

A comprehensive set of flashcards to aid understanding and retention of key concepts related to CVAs, neuroplasticity, and interventions in stroke recovery.

What does a NIH Stroke Scale score of 0 indicate?

No symptoms.

What NIH Stroke Scale score range describes a minor stroke?

1-4.

What result occurs from lesioning the optic tract?

Contralateral homonymous hemianopsia.

What is dysarthria?

Mechanics of speech.

What does dysphagia refer to?

Impairment in swallowing.

What does aphasia affect?

Language, likely both written and spoken.

What is perception in relation to movement?

Interpretation of sensory inputs to guide movement.

What is autopagnosia?

A body image/body scheme disorder.

Define apraxia.

Inability to complete sequential movements.

What is agnosia?

Visual, tactile, auditory discombobulation.

What can a lack of tactile sensation lead to for a patient?

Lack of trust in their affected side.

What must PTs prevent during recovery?

Secondary body function/structure impairments.

What can hinder a patient's recovery aside from neurological issues?

Decreased ROM, DVT, and skin integrity issues.

What are some musculoskeletal system effects seen in stroke patients?

Loss of AROM, muscle imbalances, contractures, shoulder subluxation/pain.

What management technique can be used for hemiplegic shoulders?

Look at pain, for subluxation, and use E-Stim and taping.

What cardiovascular/pulmonary system effects are common in all stroke patients?

Impaired hemodynamic response and lowered exercise tolerance.

What defines neuroplasticity?

Changes in organization along the neural axis because of learning, experience, or injury.

What is maladaptive plasticity?

Frustration from using a more affected limb, leading to neglect of movement opportunities.

How can recovery occur post-stroke?

Spontaneous and natural or induced through activity and rehab.

What does compensation mean in the context of stroke recovery?

Substitution for lost control without recovering lost function.

What are some evidence-informed interventions for stroke patients?

Constraint induced movement therapy, e-stim, strength training, locomotor training.

What is one of the additional interventions that have evidence for stroke recovery?

Task-specific motor training.

What was the result of the Excite Trial involving mitts?

Improved precision grip, coordination, and coupling of grasping forces in the affected hand.

What does ANPT Clinical Practice Guidelines define as 'acute stroke'?

Less than or equal to 3 months post onset.

What is considered a chronic stroke according to ANPT guidelines?

More than or equal to 3 months post onset.

What devices should PTs provide to improve standing balance?

AFO/FES.

What do solid AFOs produce in terms of outcomes?

Worse outcomes.

How do AFO/FES devices affect quality of life?

They improve quality of life and muscle activation.

Can spasticity prohibit strength training in lower extremities?

No, spasticity should not limit strength training.

What is a beneficial primer for neuroplasticity?

Aerobic exercise.

What is the primary concern of PTs during stroke recovery?

Addressing impairments to promote function.

What aspect of a patient’s body can impede recovery if they do not trust it?

Their affected side.

Why is understanding neuroplasticity important in stroke rehabilitation?

It helps in planning recovery strategies that enhance functional improvement.

What does 'physical therapy' intend to mitigate post-stroke?

Secondary complications such as weakness and spasticity.

How does proprioception affect a stroke patient's movement?

Loss can decrease trust in the affected side.

What physical strategies can reduce shoulder subluxation?

E-Stim and taping techniques.

In neuroplasticity, what can lead to functional improvement?

Learning and adaptive experiences.

What are some risks of neglecting regular assessments in stroke rehab?

Developing complications like contractures or skin issues.

What patient observation should be monitored closely after a stroke?

Cardiovascular and pulmonary function.

How does neuro rehabilitation seek to personalize interventions for stroke patients?

By tailoring rehab based on individual patient responses and needs.

What role does a supportive therapy environment play in recovery?

Enhances motivation and encourages participation.

What does the term 'maladaptive' signify in neuroplasticity?

Unproductive changes that hinder recovery.

Why is task-specific training recommended in stroke rehabilitation?

It focuses on practicing movements relevant to daily life activities.

How does virtual reality help in stroke rehabilitation?

It offers engaging means to practice movements in controlled environments.

What is one of the long-term goals of stroke rehabilitation?

Restoration of independence in daily living activities.

Why are AFOs integral in patient rehabilitation?

They aid in maintaining proper posture and improving gait.

What rehabilitation aspect should complement AFO/FES use?

Strengthening and reeducation exercises.

What is one of the leading causes of disability worldwide?

Stroke.

What does exercise tolerance indicate in stroke patients?

Their ability to engage in physical activity without adverse effects.

What is emphasized in hemiplegia management?

Reducing pain and promoting functional movement.

Why is muscle activation important in stroke rehabilitation?

It supports movement recovery and functional gains.

What is typically observed in the musculoskeletal systems of stroke patients?

Weakness and imbalances resulting from disuse.

How can constraints in movement lead to maladaptive mechanisms?

They reinforce reliance on the unaffected limb.