Organic ID Tests

Level 3 Chemistry Study!

all _______ (_______, _______ and _______, or very _______ molecules) are insoluble in water, because they are _______

hydrocarbons, alkanes, alkenes, alkynes, large, non-polar

all _______ and _________ with no more than __ C’s are _______ in water

alcohols, haloalkanes, 4, soluble

c_______ _______ and a_______ ionise in water so appear _______

carboxylic acids, amines, soluble

any organic molecule with more than __ C’s is _______ in water, unless it _______

4, insoluble, ionises

boiling point _______ as the carbon chain length increases, with the _______ functional groups

increases, same

for alkanes, ___ will _______ _______ (rapidly/slowly) from _______ to _______ when __ _______ is present

Br₂, decolourise, slowly, orange, colourless, UV light

for alkenes, ___ will _______ _______ (rapidly/slowly) from _______ to _______

Br₂, decolourise, rapidly, orange, colourless

for alkenes, MnO₄^- will change from _______ to _______ (not _______, will oxidise the alkene less than MnO₄^-/H⁺, which may cause the formation of a _______ bond)

purple, brown, acidified, double

for alcohols, MnO₄^-/H⁺ with _______ will change colour from _______ to _______ due to a/an _______ reaction

reflux, purple, colourless, oxidation

for alcohols, Cr₂O₇^2-/H⁺ with _______ will change colour from _______ to _______ due to a/an _______ reaction

reflux, orange, green, oxidation

for carboxylic acids, _______ litmus paper will change colour from _______ to _______ due to _______ of the acid as it _______ an H⁺

damp, blue, red, dissociation, donates

for carboxylic acids, bubbles of ___ gas will appear when mixed with any compound containing a _______

CO₂, carbonate

for carboxylic acids, bubbles of ___ gas will appear when a reactive _______ such as ___ is added

H₂, metal, Mg

for amines, _______ litmus paper will change colour from _______ to _______, due to _______ in water as the amine _______ an H⁺

damp, red, blue, ionisation, accepts

for acyl chlorides, ___ gas is produced when mixed with _______ which can be observed by violent _______, due to a/an _______ reaction forming a/an _______ _______

HCl, water, fizzing, substitution, carboxylic acid

for aldehydes, _______ reagent with _______ produces a _______ _______
___ —> ___ (s), which is _______ (oxidation/reduction), causing the aldehyde to _______ (oxidise/reduce) to a/an _______

tollen’s, heat, silver mirror, Ag⁺, Ag, reduction, oxidise, carboxylic acid

for aldehydes, _______ or _______ solution with _______ changes colour from _______ to a _______ _______

___ —> ___ (s), which is _______ (oxidation/reduction), causing the aldehyde to _______ (oxidise/reduce) to a/an _______

fehling’s, benedict’s, heat, blue, red precipitate, Cu²⁺, Cu₂O, reduction, oxidise, carboxylic acid

tollen’s reagent, with ___, and fehling’s/benedict’s solution, with ___, is not strong enough to _______ organic molecules other than _______

Ag⁺, Cu²⁺, oxidise, aldehydes

aldehyde tests require heating using a _______ _______

water bath

both products of aldehyde tests form a _______ (solid/liquid/gas) compound and a/an _______

solid, carboxylic acid

_______ have a rotten, decomposing or fishy smell

amines

_______ have a sharp, vinegary smell

carboxylic acids

_______ often have a pleasant fruity smell, or a “deep heat” smell

esters

_______ rotate _______ _______ _______ in _______ directions

enantiomers, plane polarised light, opposite

_______ is used to separate _______ as they are made based on _______ _______

distillation, aldehydes, boiling point

c. H₂SO₄ is used as a _______ agent

dehydrating

a _______ _______ separates polar and non-polar liquids

separating funnel

melting and boiling points are an indication of the _______ of _______ attractions/forces

strength, intermolecular

for _______, heating with NaOH causes the release of ___ gas, which will cause _______ litmus paper to change colour from _______ to _______

amides, NH₃, damp, red, blue