Honors Chemistry Midterm Review

What is the definition of matter?

Anything that has mass (takes up space) and volume (occupies space)

Give an example of something that is NOT matter

Time, sound, thoughts….etc

What are the steps of the scientific method (in order)

1. Ask a question/observe

2. Form a hypothesis

3. Experiment/test

4. Analyze and draw conclusions

5. Communicate results

• Qualitative Observation

Ex; Hot liquid, Color…

• Using your 5 Senses (sight, hearing, smell, taste, and touch)

  • Think of the word “quality”

• Quantitative

  • Ex: 3×10⁸ m/s, 2.2 pounds, length, height

• Numerical, measurement, counting

  • Think of the word “quantity”

What 2 words does a well written hypothesis USUALLY have?

“If", “Then” statement

What is the definition of a DEPENDENT Variable?

Outcome or result being measured in an experiment

What is the definition of an INDEPENDENT variable?

Factor you control, change, or manipulate in an experiment

Identify the independent and the dependent variables in the statement below

• INDEPENDENT: “If I study more often,

• DEPENDENT: then my grade will increase.”

Chemistry is defined as a study of what?

The study of matter

• What is the definition of a Physical Change?

  • Ex: Ice melting

Alteration to a substance’s form, but no chemical composition

• What is the definition of a Chemical Change?

  • Ex: Burning a log until it becomes ash

When the composition of a substance is changed, which requires the breaking and forming of chemical bonds during a chemical reaction

All phase changes (changing 1 substance from a solid-liquid-gas) are what kind of changes?

Physical

How are temperature and kinetic energy related?

The higher the temperature = the higher the kinetic energy

What happens to temperature during a phase change?

Does not change

What is happening to the particles during a phase change?

• Added energy increasing motion (melting, boiling)

• Removed energy decreasing it (freezing, condensing)

• Solid (vibrating in place),

• Liquid (sliding past each other)

• Gas (moving freely and far apart)

Which state of matter expands to fill their container?

Gas

Which state of matter takes the shape of their container?

Liquids

Which state of matter has the most kinetic energy? Why?

• Gas

  • Gas - particles move freely and rapidly

What is the definition of a compound?

2+ DIFFERENT chemical elements CHEMICALLY bonded

What is the definition of a mixture?

Combination of 2+ substances that can be physically separated

Extensive Property

Depends on the amount of matter (ex: Mass and Volume)

Intensive Property

Only depends on type of matter

Identify each of