Figues in the reign of Mary I

Philip ii of Spain

The son of Charles V who later became husband to Mary I and king of Spain and Portugal. He supported the Counter Reformation and sent the Spanish Armada to invade England (1527-1598) He was an intolerant, Catholic king.

Charles v

Holy Roman Emperor and Carlos I of Spain, tried to keep Europe religiously united, inherited Spain, the Netherlands, Southern Italy, Austria, and much of the Holy Roman Emperor from his grandparents, he sought to stop Protestantism and increase the power of Catholicism. He allied with the pope to stamp out heresy and maintain religous unity in Europe. He was preocuppied with struggles with Turkey and France and could not soley focus on the rise of Protestantism in Germany. nephew of Catherine of Aragon/ cousin of Mary i

Reginald Pole

Catholic cardinal restored to England as papal legate and Archbishop of Canterbury under Mary I. - He was exiled after 1536 for defending the pope's decision not to annul Catherine of Aragon and Henry VIII's marriage. - The Pope of Italy sent him back to England in November 1554, a year after Edward's death to become legate for England. - Received the country in Catholic form 10 days later. - Began to reform the monasteries, and in November 1555 he assembled at Westminster synod that instituted a number of church reforms - Didn't oppose the burnings of heretics although wasn't completely responsible for them. - Made Archbishop of Canterbury in March 1556 - A new pope was elected in 1555, Paul IV, who didn't like Mary's support for her husband Philip of Spain due to the softening of teaching Catholicism to Protestants who had deserted Catholicism - wanted to recall Pole for heresy in Italy, although Mary refused to let him go. - He died a few hours after Mary on the 17th of November 1558.

Stephen Gardiner

name of the bishop of Winchester, lord chancellor of England, who condemned Dr. Rowland Taylor, according to The Book of Martyrs

Hugh Latimer

1487-1555 Former defender of Catholocism, converted when he heard the gospel centered confession of a who had just heard his sermon. Became a powerful Protestant preacher until his death at the stake with Nicholas Ridley. "Be of good courage, brother Ridley, and play the man; for we shall this day light such a candle by God's grace in England, as I trust shall never be put out."

Nicholas Ridley

1500-1555 an English Bishop of London. Ridley was burned at the stake, as one of the Oxford Martyrs, during the Marian Persecutions, for his teachings and his support of Lady Jane Grey.