CTXT 122 - Exam 2
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Francesco Borromini, San Carloalle Quattro Fontane, 1638-1641, Rome, Italy
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Gian Lorenzo Bernini, David, 1623, marble, Rome, Italy
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Gian Lorenzo Bernini, Daphne and Apollo,1623-1624, marble, Rome, Italy
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Gian Lorenzo Bernini, Ecstasy of St. Teresa, 1645-1652, marble, Rome, Italy
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Caravaggio, Calling of St. Matthew, 1597-1601, oil on canvas, Rome, Italy
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Caravaggio, Conversion of St. Paul, 1601, oil on canvas, Rome,Italy
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Artemisia Gentileschi, Judith and Holofernes, c. 1614-1620, oil on canvas, Florence, Italy
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Peter Paul Rubens, Elevation of the Cross, 1610, oil on panel, Antwerp, Belgium.
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Peter Paul Rubens, Arrival of Marie de’Medici at Marseilles, 1622-1625, oil on canvas, Paris, France
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Gerrit van Honthorst, Supper Party, 1620, oil on canvas, Florence, Italy
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Pieter Claesz, Vanitas Still Life, 1630s, oil on canvas, Nuremberg, Germany
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Rembrandt, The Anatomy Lesson of Dr. Tulp, 1632, oil on canvas, the Netherlands
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Rembrandt, Night Watch, 1642, oil on canvas, Rijksmuseum, the Netherlands
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Jan Vermeer,Woman Holding a Balance, 1664, oil on canvas, Washington, D.C
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Jan Vermeer, View of Delft, 1661, oil on canvas, the Netherlands
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Bartolomé Esteban Murillo, ImmaculateConception, 1661-1670, oil on canvas, St.Petersburg, Russia
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José de Ribera, Martyrdomof St. Philip, 1639, oil on canvas, Madrid,Spain.
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Francisco de Zurbarán, St.Serapion, 1628, oil on canvas, Hartford, Connecticut
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Diego Velásquez, Las Meninas, 1656, oil on canvas, Madrid, Spain.
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Hyacinthe Rigaud,King Louis XIV, 1701,oil on canvas, Muséedu Louvre, Paris,France
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Jules Hardouin-Mansart (interiors), Charles Le Brun(architecture), and André Le Nôtre (gardens), Palace ofVersailles, begun 1669, Versailles (Paris), France
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François Girardonand Thomas Regnaudin,Apollo Attended byNymphs,c. 1666-1672,marble,Grotto ofThetis,Gardens ofVersailles,Versailles(Paris),France
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Nicolas Poussin, Et in Arcadia Ego, c. 1655, oil on canvas, Paris, France
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Germain Boffrand, Salon de la Princesse, 1737-1740, Paris, France.
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Antoine Watteau, Pilgrimage to Cythera, 1717, oil on canvas, Paris, France
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François Boucher, Cupid a Captive, 1754, oil on canvas, London,England
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Jean-Baptiste-Siméon Chardin,Boy Blowing Bubbles, 1733-1734, oil on canvas, Metropolitan Museum of Art, NewYork City
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Joseph Wright of Derby, A Philosopher Giving a Lecture at the Orrery, c. 1763-1765, oil on canvas, Derby, England.
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John Singleton Copley, Paul Revere, 1768-1770, oil on canvas, Museum of Fine Arts, Boston
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Benjamin West, The Death of General Wolfe, 1771, oil on canvas, National Gallery of Canada, Ottawa
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Angelica Kauffmann, Cornelia Presenting her Childrenas her Treasures, 1785, oil on canvas, Richmond, Virginia.
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Jacques-Louis David, The Oath of the Horatii, 1784, oil on canvas, Paris, France
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Thomas Jefferson, University of Virginia Rotunda, 1819-1826, Charlottesville, Virginia.
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Anne-Louis Girodet-Trioson, Burial of Atala, 1808, oil on canvas, Paris, France.
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Eugène Delacroix, Death ofSardanapalus, 1827, oil on canvas, Paris, France.
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Caspar David Friedrich, Wanderer above a Sea of Mist, 1817-1818, oil oncanvas, Hamburg, Germany
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Gustave Courbet, The Stone Breakers, 1849, oil on canvas, formerly Gemäldegalerie, Dresden, Germany
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The Baroque 1600 - 1700
An art historical term for the 17th century in Europe
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The Reformation
The broad religious social reform movement of the Roman Catholic church that was begun by Martin Luther in 1517, in which led to the establishment of many different Protestant or non-catholic christian churches
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The Counter Reformation
The Catholic Response to the Protestant Reformation
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Teneberism
Intense or exaggerated chiaroscuro
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Facade
The front of a building
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Caravaggisti
Referring to a follower of Caravaggio; an artist who intimates and inspired by the style of Caravaggio
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Flanders
A region of Europe that today roughly accords to the modern nation state of Belgium
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The Dutch Republic
The 17th century name for the modern nation state of the Netherlands
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Genre Painting
Painting that depicts ordinary men and women doing ordinary everyday things
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Still Life Painting
Painting of inanimate objects; artfully arranged
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Vanitas
Particular kind of still-life that through the arrangement of the inanimate objects; suggest a message that these are veer vanities material goods. While we now remember now, they are not permanent we are going to die and we should put it in living a Christian life
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Memento Mori
Reminder of death; an object in a painting that reminds the viewer of death and the need to live in a Christian life now rather than focusing on material possessions/values and ensuring that we go onto heaven
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Landscape Painting
a painting of a landscape; but significantly the landscape is the subject of the work itself as oppose of the background or setting
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Immaculate Conception
The Roman Catholic belief (only) that the Virgin Mary is the ONLY sinless human being
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French Royal Academy: founded 1648
First state sponsored Art school as it set the standards for artistic style and excellence in France and beyond in the 17th and 18th centuries
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Poussin’s Grand manner
➤ Poussin’s style characterized by three main things: ❏ Morally/Historically inspired subjects (typically from the Bible or Antiquity)
❏ We see even, clear, glowing light
❏ Generally we see a Classical style.
❏ Ordered, harmonious, balanced compositions; we will see figures not prostitutes/homelessness lol
❏ We see even, clear, glowing light
❏ Generally we see a Classical style.
❏ Ordered, harmonious, balanced compositions; we will see figures not prostitutes/homelessness lol
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Rococo
A style of 18th century art and architecture that is characterized by the following:
❏ Elaborate over the top ornamentation
❏ S or C curve, more sensuous and curving forms
❏ The color palette (pastel, pinks, gold)
❏ Associated with femininity
❏ Luxury style of art
❏ Delights in subjects of the female sphere
❏ Elaborate over the top ornamentation
❏ S or C curve, more sensuous and curving forms
❏ The color palette (pastel, pinks, gold)
❏ Associated with femininity
❏ Luxury style of art
❏ Delights in subjects of the female sphere
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Salon
French for ‘a living/reception room’, more in a formal living room like a parlor or drawing room
➤ Specifically in the 18th century it would be an entertaining space in a French home
➤ Specifically in the 18th century it would be an entertaining space in a French home
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Fete Galonte
➤ Literally in French, ‘Galavanting Party’ a new type of subject in art (Rococo)
➤ Refers to a painting of a romantic playful party typically outdoors
➤ Refers to a painting of a romantic playful party typically outdoors
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The Enlightenment
Broad based 18th century, philosophical and cultural movement that emphasizes a more critical, factual (or empirical) understanding of the world that is not necessarily tied to tradition or religion
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History Painting
Painting that depicts a historical event, but traditionally this is a historical event from the bible or Antiquity
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Neoclassicism
➤ A movement of the late 18th and early 19th centuries that revives the art and architecture of the classical world
➤ Literally in Latin, “New Classicism”
➤ Literally in Latin, “New Classicism”
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Romanticism
➤ Early to mid 19th century artistic and cultural movement that emphasizes emotion, nature, and the imagination
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Realism
Mid 19th century artistic movement that seeks to show what is REAL, ordinary, and thorugh a realistic style; particularly it wants to elevate and uplift what is real and ordinary through the medium of art
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Daguerreotype
The very first kind of photograph; earliest form of photography
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Francesco Borromini
➤ Rather than a perfect Renaissance circle, we have a stretched exaggerated oval ellipse to the shape of the building
➤ This church is in a central plan, meaning all parts of the building are equidistant from the axis
➤ Further new Baroque design principles:
❏ The Facade — Still generally showing Classical inspiration, but being manipulated in a Barouqe way
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⇥ The concave curve to the foundational structure of the front; alternating concave surface
⇥ Corinthian Columns
⇥ Oval on top which is arbitrary
➤ This church is in a central plan, meaning all parts of the building are equidistant from the axis
➤ Further new Baroque design principles:
❏ The Facade — Still generally showing Classical inspiration, but being manipulated in a Barouqe way
==How?==
⇥ The concave curve to the foundational structure of the front; alternating concave surface
⇥ Corinthian Columns
⇥ Oval on top which is arbitrary
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David
➤ What is quite different from Bernini’s to Michaelangelo’s?
➤ More exaggerating pose: still static, but powerful; just not active
➤ Clothed; but drapery slipping off is exaggerated/emotion/energy in dynamism
➤ Body not idealistic; active motion
➤ Interactive; meant to appreciate more of the artistry
➤ More exaggerating pose: still static, but powerful; just not active
➤ Clothed; but drapery slipping off is exaggerated/emotion/energy in dynamism
➤ Body not idealistic; active motion
➤ Interactive; meant to appreciate more of the artistry
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Caravaggio
➤ Teneberism
➤ Heightened Chiaroscuro
➤ Exaggerated, dynamic poses
➤ Powerful; realistic; contemporary fashion and looks like a real person as Caravaggio often used ordinary people as models
➤ **Depiction of singular moments**: He often chose to depict a single, dramatic moment in a narrative, where figures display expressions of intense emotion.
➤ Displayed in rooms that either looked ordinary whether it was a bar or cafe
➤ Heightened Chiaroscuro
➤ Exaggerated, dynamic poses
➤ Powerful; realistic; contemporary fashion and looks like a real person as Caravaggio often used ordinary people as models
➤ **Depiction of singular moments**: He often chose to depict a single, dramatic moment in a narrative, where figures display expressions of intense emotion.
➤ Displayed in rooms that either looked ordinary whether it was a bar or cafe
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Ecstasy of St. Teresa
➤ Golden arrow and a bow along with a quiver of further arrows in his hands; within one of the arrows pierces the heart of St. Teresa
On the left, we see an angel stabbing St. Teresa with love as St. Teresa is on the right swooning and can’t hold herself up;
➤ When angel does this, St. Teresa feels intense feeling of pleasure; warmth from her entire body almost ‘orgasmic’
➤ Also more importantly FILLED with the love of god,
__________________________
➤ BEAM OF GOLDEN LIGHT; sensifies this as divine division coming from the Lord
➤ intensely emotional; physical, dramatic sensation
➤ ORNAMENTED covered with colored marble, fresco, angels above
On the left, we see an angel stabbing St. Teresa with love as St. Teresa is on the right swooning and can’t hold herself up;
➤ When angel does this, St. Teresa feels intense feeling of pleasure; warmth from her entire body almost ‘orgasmic’
➤ Also more importantly FILLED with the love of god,
__________________________
➤ BEAM OF GOLDEN LIGHT; sensifies this as divine division coming from the Lord
➤ intensely emotional; physical, dramatic sensation
➤ ORNAMENTED covered with colored marble, fresco, angels above
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Judith and Holofernes
➤ How do we see Caraggisto’s influence?
— Teneberism, violence inherit to the subject, exaggerated poses realism, as well as expressions are anguish
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➤ When 17, she was SA’d as her father had a thriving workshop and studio with many of their apprentices living with the family… Very much, took advantage especially while the father was out of town and raped Gentilleschi.
➤ Artemisia pressed charges, as rape was usually accounted for the women’s fault. BUT she still took it to court ➤ While it is important, this was commissioned but it also shows her expression in her art. Her work and her life was a powerful testament on who she is.
— Teneberism, violence inherit to the subject, exaggerated poses realism, as well as expressions are anguish
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➤ When 17, she was SA’d as her father had a thriving workshop and studio with many of their apprentices living with the family… Very much, took advantage especially while the father was out of town and raped Gentilleschi.
➤ Artemisia pressed charges, as rape was usually accounted for the women’s fault. BUT she still took it to court ➤ While it is important, this was commissioned but it also shows her expression in her art. Her work and her life was a powerful testament on who she is.
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Calling of St.Matthew
➤ %%Subject:%% They appear to be gambling, but this coin counting is a reference to St. Matthew (left),
➤ %%St. Matthew was originally a tax collector%%; being a tax collector was not a great job. you were considered as a sinner/traitor
➤ In an ordinary room, which more %%looks like a Roman bar or cafe%%
➤ %%With men dressed in contemporary fashion%%, we see several young boys as well as men seated at a table, counting coins
➤ From a Christian perspective, this is powerful because Jesus not caring about the seeming sin, but rather saving him
➤ Caravaggio makes this even more powerful and dramatic by the lighting cutting just across the head of Jesus. %%Also God is everywhere from the setting%%
➤ %%St. Matthew was originally a tax collector%%; being a tax collector was not a great job. you were considered as a sinner/traitor
➤ In an ordinary room, which more %%looks like a Roman bar or cafe%%
➤ %%With men dressed in contemporary fashion%%, we see several young boys as well as men seated at a table, counting coins
➤ From a Christian perspective, this is powerful because Jesus not caring about the seeming sin, but rather saving him
➤ Caravaggio makes this even more powerful and dramatic by the lighting cutting just across the head of Jesus. %%Also God is everywhere from the setting%%
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Conversion of St.Paul
➤ Religious subject concerning St. Paul
➤ One day Saul was on his way to Damascus, capital of Syria, while traveling he was suddenly blinded by a strong sharp beam of light
➤ So bright that he couldn’t see at all; falling off his horse and hearing a voice calling him out of the light “Saul why are you persecuting me?”
➤ His eyes are opened as he now decides to change his name to Paul as the signal now shows his full conversion the the Christian faith
➤ Caravaggio shows this in an incarcerated dramatic and intense way
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— %%Teneberism%%, even more striking and intense with a completely %%black background%% as it is a light of God —
%%Exaggerated, dynamic pose%%s as he’s on the floor foreshortened; dramatically holding out his hand to emphasize the shock he’s having as the horse is diagonally uplifting adding towards the energy
— %%Powerful; realistic; contemporary fashion%% and looks like a real person as Caravaggio often used ordinary people as models
➤ One day Saul was on his way to Damascus, capital of Syria, while traveling he was suddenly blinded by a strong sharp beam of light
➤ So bright that he couldn’t see at all; falling off his horse and hearing a voice calling him out of the light “Saul why are you persecuting me?”
➤ His eyes are opened as he now decides to change his name to Paul as the signal now shows his full conversion the the Christian faith
➤ Caravaggio shows this in an incarcerated dramatic and intense way
___________________________
— %%Teneberism%%, even more striking and intense with a completely %%black background%% as it is a light of God —
%%Exaggerated, dynamic pose%%s as he’s on the floor foreshortened; dramatically holding out his hand to emphasize the shock he’s having as the horse is diagonally uplifting adding towards the energy
— %%Powerful; realistic; contemporary fashion%% and looks like a real person as Caravaggio often used ordinary people as models
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Peter Paul Ruebens
➤ Three key stylistic characteristics of Ruben’s art
— **Ruben’s women:** %%voluptuous, curvy%%, %%blonde%% sensual figure in his works
— Ruben is a master of %%carefully evoking fabric and textiles: Satin%%
— %%Dramatic and dynamic compositions%%
— **Ruben’s women:** %%voluptuous, curvy%%, %%blonde%% sensual figure in his works
— Ruben is a master of %%carefully evoking fabric and textiles: Satin%%
— %%Dramatic and dynamic compositions%%
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Arrival of Marie de’Medici at Marseilles
✦ Ruben made many works of art for the French Queen
✦ Depicting historical events from her life and reign, Queen Marie glorified her as an elegant, learned, and passionate queen of France
✦ Royal palace; this one in this series shows the ARRIVAL upon her marriage
✦ Inclusion of mythological figures to be Ruben’s women but also shows of his learning
✦ Top half: shows Marie dressed lavishly in a gown, attended by numerous ladies in waiting coming off of her ship
— When welcomed, she is also being seen with the symbolic figure of France himself (gold French lily) bowing down to her
— Further symbolic figure of fame, showing the fanfare that she receives but also the future fame that she’s going to have as queen
✦ Depicting historical events from her life and reign, Queen Marie glorified her as an elegant, learned, and passionate queen of France
✦ Royal palace; this one in this series shows the ARRIVAL upon her marriage
✦ Inclusion of mythological figures to be Ruben’s women but also shows of his learning
✦ Top half: shows Marie dressed lavishly in a gown, attended by numerous ladies in waiting coming off of her ship
— When welcomed, she is also being seen with the symbolic figure of France himself (gold French lily) bowing down to her
— Further symbolic figure of fame, showing the fanfare that she receives but also the future fame that she’s going to have as queen
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Rembrandt
➤ true master of light
➤ Known for his %%GOLDEN%% sense of light
➤ Shows %%powerful emotions%% in the context of his paintings ➤ as well as showing %%depth%% and %%dynamism%%
➤ Is known for showing %%individuals%% and their actions in detail
➤ Known for his %%GOLDEN%% sense of light
➤ Shows %%powerful emotions%% in the context of his paintings ➤ as well as showing %%depth%% and %%dynamism%%
➤ Is known for showing %%individuals%% and their actions in detail
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The Anatomy Lesson of Dr. Tulp
▸ Typifies his genius as it shows a group portrait of the Surgeons Guild of Amsterdam
▸ Commissioned as it resulted in Rembrandt’s genius and inventiveness:
❒ Rather than showing all the groups posing; he shows them actively involved in doing something
⇢ In this case, they are witnessing a surgery done by Dr. Tulk (right; wearing a black hat) who is removing tissue.
▸ Other members are gathered around intently watching his techniques of removing tissue. Some of the men are gazing
▸ Commissioned as it resulted in Rembrandt’s genius and inventiveness:
❒ Rather than showing all the groups posing; he shows them actively involved in doing something
⇢ In this case, they are witnessing a surgery done by Dr. Tulk (right; wearing a black hat) who is removing tissue.
▸ Other members are gathered around intently watching his techniques of removing tissue. Some of the men are gazing
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Night Watch
→ Another group portrait particularly a dutch malicia led by a Dutch fight in the independence.
→ Painting does NOT depict a night scene instead the day. It is through HEAVY varnish; degrading his sense of lighting and darkened it completely
→ In this painting despite its darkness, we can see him being innovative:
❏ Odd inclusion of a girl in the middle; golden lit
➤ Visual pun as she has a chicken symbolic of the identity of the malicia
❏ Individual actions as they all do different things
❏ Horizontal and upraised hikes of weapons that are diagonally; creating a sense of dynamism
→ Painting does NOT depict a night scene instead the day. It is through HEAVY varnish; degrading his sense of lighting and darkened it completely
→ In this painting despite its darkness, we can see him being innovative:
❏ Odd inclusion of a girl in the middle; golden lit
➤ Visual pun as she has a chicken symbolic of the identity of the malicia
❏ Individual actions as they all do different things
❏ Horizontal and upraised hikes of weapons that are diagonally; creating a sense of dynamism
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Vermeer
→ While he did produce history in some religious paintings, he was roman- Catholic: is known for his QUIET interior genre scenes / paintings
→ Always taking place indoors; domestic interiors
→ work also tends to show a women as the protagonist or central
→ Always taking place indoors; domestic interiors
→ work also tends to show a women as the protagonist or central
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Woman Holding a Balance,
✦ Genre-painting; a regular woman doing a regular thing
✦ She is dressed finely; his wife may have been the model or prop
✦ She is an interior room with a sense of light coming from the left (kind of a winter light; as he’s trying to evoke as it is not as bright compared to other seasons)
But in a deeper level,
Vermeer likes to be inventive showing a message
✦ Shown through the details of his paintings: %%we notice the Last Judgement.%% (A traditional Christian scene)
✦ Visually, traditionally showing Jesus with a scale as it measures the heart and it parallels through Judgement with the women in the background
✦ She is dressed finely; his wife may have been the model or prop
✦ She is an interior room with a sense of light coming from the left (kind of a winter light; as he’s trying to evoke as it is not as bright compared to other seasons)
But in a deeper level,
Vermeer likes to be inventive showing a message
✦ Shown through the details of his paintings: %%we notice the Last Judgement.%% (A traditional Christian scene)
✦ Visually, traditionally showing Jesus with a scale as it measures the heart and it parallels through Judgement with the women in the background
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View of Delft
✦ Shows the king pride in their homeland; its agricultural, and lends itself a showing of the beautiful Dutch light
✦ Shows his city from a viewpoint taken from the water of the city’s canals; while it does show the building itself…
✦ The real focus is the landscape. Almost the entire picture is taken
✦ %%More of the sky; land; sea and clouds that are the subjects. Not the city%%
✦ Shows his city from a viewpoint taken from the water of the city’s canals; while it does show the building itself…
✦ The real focus is the landscape. Almost the entire picture is taken
✦ %%More of the sky; land; sea and clouds that are the subjects. Not the city%%
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Immaculate Conception
✦ The painting depicts a particularly Catholic subject: an immaculate conception
✦ Spanish artist developed three ways to show Mary’s immaculacy:
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❏ %%Tends to wear a WHITE dress%% as opposed to the traditional blue
❏ %%The Virgin tends to be in a heavenly setting%%
❏ %%Most obvious way is that at the feet of the virgin there will be a crescent moon or a clear orb%%
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✦ This painting is adhering to the principles of Reformation
✦ Spanish artist developed three ways to show Mary’s immaculacy:
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❏ %%Tends to wear a WHITE dress%% as opposed to the traditional blue
❏ %%The Virgin tends to be in a heavenly setting%%
❏ %%Most obvious way is that at the feet of the virgin there will be a crescent moon or a clear orb%%
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✦ This painting is adhering to the principles of Reformation
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Ribera
✦ Figures are in buried poses that are complex
✦ Intense emotion
✦ Helps identify the viewer to remind them to repent their own sins
✦ Dark, twisted, often gory artwork
✦ Despite suffering, his paintings shows his sense of great faith to remind the Christian believer that earthly suffering is apart of the Christian life, but God will take care of you in sent to Heaven
✦ Intense emotion
✦ Helps identify the viewer to remind them to repent their own sins
✦ Dark, twisted, often gory artwork
✦ Despite suffering, his paintings shows his sense of great faith to remind the Christian believer that earthly suffering is apart of the Christian life, but God will take care of you in sent to Heaven
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Las Meninas
✦ His most famous painting
✦ This painting highlights his genius in four main ways:
❏ ^^His great gift for portraiture^^
❏ ^^Keen sense of invention and pictorial complexity^^
❏ ^^Quite modern^^, Velasquez shows that he’s concerned for the viewer as they put them as key meaning in the work (consideration for the viewer)
❏ Embodies and ^^shows elevation of himself and his identity as the artist^^
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✦ Subject: in the center, we see the Spanish princess Enfanta Margarita, who is titled as the oldest daughter of the Spanish king. Standing in the center she’s wearing a very nice dress surrounding her is her favorite dog
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✦ This painting highlights his genius in four main ways:
❏ ^^His great gift for portraiture^^
❏ ^^Keen sense of invention and pictorial complexity^^
❏ ^^Quite modern^^, Velasquez shows that he’s concerned for the viewer as they put them as key meaning in the work (consideration for the viewer)
❏ Embodies and ^^shows elevation of himself and his identity as the artist^^
______
✦ Subject: in the center, we see the Spanish princess Enfanta Margarita, who is titled as the oldest daughter of the Spanish king. Standing in the center she’s wearing a very nice dress surrounding her is her favorite dog
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King Louis XIV
➤ While French royalty used art to their advantage^^, art as royal propaganda was taken to its greatest heights^^ during the reign of King
➤ Famously known for his motto that expresses his standard the France is embodied in him
➤ ^^King Louis XIV referred to himself as the Sun king,^^ literal center of the universe;
➤ ^^Painted when he was 63, the portrait shows him more of a youthful and powerful leader staring at the viewer;^^ holding one hand on his hip and the other clutching. HIs dress is carefully chosen as a rich fur coronation robe.
➤ It shows off his legs!
➤ Famously known for his motto that expresses his standard the France is embodied in him
➤ ^^King Louis XIV referred to himself as the Sun king,^^ literal center of the universe;
➤ ^^Painted when he was 63, the portrait shows him more of a youthful and powerful leader staring at the viewer;^^ holding one hand on his hip and the other clutching. HIs dress is carefully chosen as a rich fur coronation robe.
➤ It shows off his legs!
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Palace of Versailles
Louie’s greatest artist commission
➤ Formerly a haunting lodge, in a forest outside of Paris; Louie decided to turn his court into a working space.
Categorized in three different parts:
➤ ^^The palace itself, Enormous, giant U shaped with two very long side wings^^
➤ ^^Its extensive gardens^^
— Designed by Andre Le Notre, the gardens at Versailles have both formal and informal gardens; carefully clipped flowerbeds but also much wilder areas of parkland/forest.
➤ ^^The City of Versailles^^ — Upper right corner, it’s very much there needs to be a place for all the servants that need a place to live — Monarchy for many children
➤ Formerly a haunting lodge, in a forest outside of Paris; Louie decided to turn his court into a working space.
Categorized in three different parts:
➤ ^^The palace itself, Enormous, giant U shaped with two very long side wings^^
➤ ^^Its extensive gardens^^
— Designed by Andre Le Notre, the gardens at Versailles have both formal and informal gardens; carefully clipped flowerbeds but also much wilder areas of parkland/forest.
➤ ^^The City of Versailles^^ — Upper right corner, it’s very much there needs to be a place for all the servants that need a place to live — Monarchy for many children
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Apollo attended by Nymphs
➤ Embodies the classical style of 17th century Baroque art
➤ ^^Subject is classical showing the Roman god, Apollo, in the center who is being washe^^d and bathed by beautiful nymphs
➤ ^^Style is also classical as each of the sculptures were modeled after a Ancient Greek or Roman one^^; as both studied in Rome.
➤ ^^Beautiful sense of balance, harmony and order with three groups of nymphs on either side as poses mirror each other beautifully^^
➤ ^^The overall tone in the air of the sculpture is idealized perfected, peaceful calm paradise^^ of envisioned classical mythology
➤ ^^Subject is classical showing the Roman god, Apollo, in the center who is being washe^^d and bathed by beautiful nymphs
➤ ^^Style is also classical as each of the sculptures were modeled after a Ancient Greek or Roman one^^; as both studied in Rome.
➤ ^^Beautiful sense of balance, harmony and order with three groups of nymphs on either side as poses mirror each other beautifully^^
➤ ^^The overall tone in the air of the sculpture is idealized perfected, peaceful calm paradise^^ of envisioned classical mythology
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Et in Arcadia
➤ Classified his style as the Poussin’s “Grand Manner”
➤ First our subject taken from Classic mythology is morally inspirational;
➤ We see in Arcadia this perfect land, as shepherds and women examining a tomb slab saying “ethen Arcadia ago”, meaning “Even in Arcadia, I death and present.”
➤ Even clear, glowing light; no teneberism/light. Golden glowing light of Arcadia even lit
➤ Classical style; almost look like statues coming to life in the painting
➤ First our subject taken from Classic mythology is morally inspirational;
➤ We see in Arcadia this perfect land, as shepherds and women examining a tomb slab saying “ethen Arcadia ago”, meaning “Even in Arcadia, I death and present.”
➤ Even clear, glowing light; no teneberism/light. Golden glowing light of Arcadia even lit
➤ Classical style; almost look like statues coming to life in the painting
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Rococo
• Elaborate, over-the-top ornamentation
• Curving architectural design with elegant, s-shaped lines and shapes
• Pastel colors (pink, periwinkle, aqua) and heavy use of gold as both pigment and material
• Feminine, intimate, playful - a delight in the female sphere of the home and garden, romance and love ^^(CUPID)^^
• Superficiality as a virtue
• French in origin,
• The Salon
• Curving architectural design with elegant, s-shaped lines and shapes
• Pastel colors (pink, periwinkle, aqua) and heavy use of gold as both pigment and material
• Feminine, intimate, playful - a delight in the female sphere of the home and garden, romance and love ^^(CUPID)^^
• Superficiality as a virtue
• French in origin,
• The Salon
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Salon de la Princesse
➤ Designed architecturally, it absolutely epitomizes the Rococo
❒ Gold moldings in almost every inch of wall or ceiling
❒ Curve elegantly like an S shaped curve
❒ Inclusion of garden which is leaves, flowers, branches coming into the interior of the salon
❒ The room itself contains curved surfaces like the doorways, windows, and moldings alternating
❒ Gold is also enkeeping the Rococo preferences
❒ House is particularly pastel (creme, light blue, aqau)
➤ Obvious luxury
❒ Gold moldings in almost every inch of wall or ceiling
❒ Curve elegantly like an S shaped curve
❒ Inclusion of garden which is leaves, flowers, branches coming into the interior of the salon
❒ The room itself contains curved surfaces like the doorways, windows, and moldings alternating
❒ Gold is also enkeeping the Rococo preferences
❒ House is particularly pastel (creme, light blue, aqau)
➤ Obvious luxury
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Pilgrimage to Cythera
➤ Paitnting is a new type of subject in art: ^^Fete Galonte^^
➤ Subject itself is adhering to Fete Galonte; romantic party taking outdoors on the mythical island
➤ FIRST in the genre
➤ %%Subject%%: a group, fashionably dressed men and women along with some Puti disembarking on the mythological island of Sythera. The island of eternal youth and love
^^➤ Rococo painting shows the same sense of ornamentation and sensuous curving lines of Rococo architecture^^
➤ Baroque stylistic characters: Color palette, flesh of figures, nice balanced harmonious composition, curving as well in a “C” or “S” shape
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➤ Subject itself is adhering to Fete Galonte; romantic party taking outdoors on the mythical island
➤ FIRST in the genre
➤ %%Subject%%: a group, fashionably dressed men and women along with some Puti disembarking on the mythological island of Sythera. The island of eternal youth and love
^^➤ Rococo painting shows the same sense of ornamentation and sensuous curving lines of Rococo architecture^^
➤ Baroque stylistic characters: Color palette, flesh of figures, nice balanced harmonious composition, curving as well in a “C” or “S” shape
\
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Cupid a Captive
➤ Shows us the characteristics in the style of Rococo
➤ %%Depicts cupid, the god of love and desire, in the center he is a big fleshy baby.%% @@Surrounded in sensuous female nymphs in a flower garden complete with a fountain and statues as well with Puti flying above@@
➤ Rococo as his palette is washed with pink, sea-foam, periwinkle and lavender
➤ Subject is playful and keeping in Rococo taste as well with S curve formation in the canvas
➤ Painting overall reflects the elegant, but superficial interests who so favored the Rococo
➤ %%Depicts cupid, the god of love and desire, in the center he is a big fleshy baby.%% @@Surrounded in sensuous female nymphs in a flower garden complete with a fountain and statues as well with Puti flying above@@
➤ Rococo as his palette is washed with pink, sea-foam, periwinkle and lavender
➤ Subject is playful and keeping in Rococo taste as well with S curve formation in the canvas
➤ Painting overall reflects the elegant, but superficial interests who so favored the Rococo
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Artemisia Gentileschi
➤ She is a Caravaggisti!
%%— Teneberism,%%
%%-- violence inherit to the subject,%%
%%--exaggerated poses realism, as well as expressions are anguish%%
___________________--
➤ Deeply inspired by Caravaggio’s style but is significant rather because she is the most significant and important FEMALE artist in the Western canon until the 19th century
%%➤ accomplishes her way of placing women through their stories at the center of her images%%
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%%— Teneberism,%%
%%-- violence inherit to the subject,%%
%%--exaggerated poses realism, as well as expressions are anguish%%
___________________--
➤ Deeply inspired by Caravaggio’s style but is significant rather because she is the most significant and important FEMALE artist in the Western canon until the 19th century
%%➤ accomplishes her way of placing women through their stories at the center of her images%%
\
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Boy blowing bubbles
➤ Beautiful example of this new kind of Enlightenment art ➤ %%Here, Chardin shows an adolescent dressed neatly but plainly in a brown jacket blowing soap bubbles%% with a straw at a ledge
%%➤ A trailing vine surrounds teh window on the left while a younger boy is visible stands behind him seemingly%% watching him with wonder
➤ While the subject has the playfulness in the Rococo, %%Chardin presents his subject with quite a dignity%% that’s missing from the Plateu
➤ We have a genre-painting
%%➤ A trailing vine surrounds teh window on the left while a younger boy is visible stands behind him seemingly%% watching him with wonder
➤ While the subject has the playfulness in the Rococo, %%Chardin presents his subject with quite a dignity%% that’s missing from the Plateu
➤ We have a genre-painting
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A Philosopher Giving a Lecture at the Orrery
➤ English artist Joseph Wright of Derby’s
➤ Scientist demonstrating the solar system
➤ Subject: ^^Men, children and one woman gathered around an aury, an 18th century model of the solar system^^
➤ ^^Lit by a candle down below allowing them that different day and night periods are different based on the length^^s pulled from the sun
➤ A LITEERAL enlightenment
➤ Teneberism is shown through the piece
➤ Scientist demonstrating the solar system
➤ Subject: ^^Men, children and one woman gathered around an aury, an 18th century model of the solar system^^
➤ ^^Lit by a candle down below allowing them that different day and night periods are different based on the length^^s pulled from the sun
➤ A LITEERAL enlightenment
➤ Teneberism is shown through the piece
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Paul Revere
➤ Copley shows a realistic image of Paul Revere as we can recognize it
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➤ ^^Paul Revere in a 3/4th^^ pose, seated at what looks to be a mahogany table or shelf
➤ On the table are tools of his trade, ^^profession is shown through the silver teapot that he holds on his right hand and rests on a cushion^^
➤ @@Paul was a silversmith@@, as he could make objects out of metals
➤ ^^Revere is dressed as an 18th century colonial gentlemen; not rough but a nice white tunic and simple black vest^^
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➤ ^^Sense of Revere’s personality is also shown through his pose and gesture^^. While he maybe a craftsperson, he can be portrayed as an intellectual gentlemen; %%neat clothes and pose of thoughtfulness directly engaging with us%%
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➤ ^^Paul Revere in a 3/4th^^ pose, seated at what looks to be a mahogany table or shelf
➤ On the table are tools of his trade, ^^profession is shown through the silver teapot that he holds on his right hand and rests on a cushion^^
➤ @@Paul was a silversmith@@, as he could make objects out of metals
➤ ^^Revere is dressed as an 18th century colonial gentlemen; not rough but a nice white tunic and simple black vest^^
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➤ ^^Sense of Revere’s personality is also shown through his pose and gesture^^. While he maybe a craftsperson, he can be portrayed as an intellectual gentlemen; %%neat clothes and pose of thoughtfulness directly engaging with us%%
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Benjamin West
➤ While he did portraits, he was known as a History painter ❒ History painting had been the most highly praised art
➤ Significant because he is the FIRST painter to make a contemporary painting; something that just occurfed
➤ Significant because he is the FIRST painter to make a contemporary painting; something that just occurfed
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The Death of General Wolfe
➤ Shows an event from the ^^French and Indian War^^ of the 1760s
➤ ^^Conflict between ENGLAND and France, and their Native American allies over the land^^
➤ %%Shows the death of the English general, General Wolfe;%% West depicts Wolfe swooning in death in the center of the painting
➤ %%Background:%% Tamult and chaos of the battle, smoke coming from all the cannons being fired; also gives us a sense of place
➤ %%Interesting dichotomy as on one hand a man is truly represented in an indigenous attire%%; West did know some Mohuqeian Native
➤ However, it establishes that they’re not in England
➤ Flex and statement of the ability and talent of Benjamin West
➤ ^^Conflict between ENGLAND and France, and their Native American allies over the land^^
➤ %%Shows the death of the English general, General Wolfe;%% West depicts Wolfe swooning in death in the center of the painting
➤ %%Background:%% Tamult and chaos of the battle, smoke coming from all the cannons being fired; also gives us a sense of place
➤ %%Interesting dichotomy as on one hand a man is truly represented in an indigenous attire%%; West did know some Mohuqeian Native
➤ However, it establishes that they’re not in England
➤ Flex and statement of the ability and talent of Benjamin West
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Cornelia Presenting her Children as her Treasures
➤ ^^A perfect example of Neoclassicism in both subject and style is the painting^^
➤ We first here have a classical subject: Depicts a sotry from ancient Roman History; particularly from Ancient Roman republican History
➤ Cornelia is a patrician Roman mother and wife; her husband is a senator in the Roman republic, one day Cornelia is talking with her girlfriends and their treasures (what they value)
➤ Classical subject, but particularly classical that inspires moral behavior as we should be like Cornelia (children, family, love, etc.)
➤ In contrast with the Rococo …
❏ %%Figures are dressed like Ancient Romans (Draped, toga-like garments)%%
➤ Coffmen based poses based on statues
❏ %%Balanced, harmonious composition%% as both stand and sit on either side
❏ %%Setting: Classical as it’s simple with columns;%% calm even clear lighting, very mature again but now updated
➤ We first here have a classical subject: Depicts a sotry from ancient Roman History; particularly from Ancient Roman republican History
➤ Cornelia is a patrician Roman mother and wife; her husband is a senator in the Roman republic, one day Cornelia is talking with her girlfriends and their treasures (what they value)
➤ Classical subject, but particularly classical that inspires moral behavior as we should be like Cornelia (children, family, love, etc.)
➤ In contrast with the Rococo …
❏ %%Figures are dressed like Ancient Romans (Draped, toga-like garments)%%
➤ Coffmen based poses based on statues
❏ %%Balanced, harmonious composition%% as both stand and sit on either side
❏ %%Setting: Classical as it’s simple with columns;%% calm even clear lighting, very mature again but now updated
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The Oath of the Horatii
➤ ==Subject==: comes from ancient Roman History from the Roman Republic as it shows the Herati men giving a salute to their swords in military uniform. Holding their hands up and being given a salute to indicate that they are willing to sacrifice and give their lives to the cost
➤ Herati women weeping on the right
➤ Patriotic message as well,
________________
➤ Style: Neoclassical, ==how?==
❏ %%Harmonious balanced composition,%%
❏ %%Classical setting from interior design (pillars, doric columns, arches)%%
❏ %%Their fashion (accurate Roman military uniform with typical flowing togas)%%
➤ Herati women weeping on the right
➤ Patriotic message as well,
________________
➤ Style: Neoclassical, ==how?==
❏ %%Harmonious balanced composition,%%
❏ %%Classical setting from interior design (pillars, doric columns, arches)%%
❏ %%Their fashion (accurate Roman military uniform with typical flowing togas)%%
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University of Virginia Rotunda
➤ Roman republic of democracy, representation as having this visually makes it seem to be like that
➤ An example of Neoclassicism in this architecture
➤ ==Embodies Neoclassical design, how?==
❏ Columns in a Corinthian order
❏ Windows basement level that are round roman arches
❏ Dome
❏ Triangular pediment just like a Roman/Greek temple
➤ An example of Neoclassicism in this architecture
➤ ==Embodies Neoclassical design, how?==
❏ Columns in a Corinthian order
❏ Windows basement level that are round roman arches
❏ Dome
❏ Triangular pediment just like a Roman/Greek temple
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Burial of Atala
➤ The novel is set in the very romantic, exotic realm of Louisiana (apart of France) concerning the forbidden love of two Native Americans
➤ Basically Romeo and Juliet set in the real world, both fall in love but come in different tribes/communities. Because of this they are forbidden to marry as both ==families disapprove==
➤ Shows Christianity will triumph of the overall message
➤ %%Painting is overtly romantic in a highly emotional story (love, passionate, death, grieving, weeping, suicide) calling on the viewer to feel these same emotions as they contemplate the pain and suffering as Attala would rather die than being with her beloved.%%
➤ Having Native Americans as subject is also romantic (untrue) ^^but Native Americans were seen to have highly emotional levels based on what Europeans thought at the time.^^
➤ %%Noble, cumbered by the sins of society and corruption it’s developed as they are seen to be in touch with themselves living in nature%%
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➤ Basically Romeo and Juliet set in the real world, both fall in love but come in different tribes/communities. Because of this they are forbidden to marry as both ==families disapprove==
➤ Shows Christianity will triumph of the overall message
➤ %%Painting is overtly romantic in a highly emotional story (love, passionate, death, grieving, weeping, suicide) calling on the viewer to feel these same emotions as they contemplate the pain and suffering as Attala would rather die than being with her beloved.%%
➤ Having Native Americans as subject is also romantic (untrue) ^^but Native Americans were seen to have highly emotional levels based on what Europeans thought at the time.^^
➤ %%Noble, cumbered by the sins of society and corruption it’s developed as they are seen to be in touch with themselves living in nature%%
\
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Death of Sardanapalus
➤ French artist wanted his art to enflame the viewer’s imagination, sentiment and feeling as he exquisitely stated you should enflame these emotions
➤ Lush, rich, saturated colors and hues that helped bring these emotions with a rich sense of color in his works
_________________
➤ Painting is romantic in subjectt and style: comes from a Romantic piece of literature, a poem by Lord Biron
➤ Poem in particular is specifically about the death of an Assyrian king called Sardonopolis
➤ Subject: romantic, but a story about ^^heightened over the top emotions^^
➤ ^^Eroticism of the harem itself, death, suicide, fear, terror mixed with anger^^ at the same time with the idea of chaos and fleeing of army
➤ ^^Enhances this emotional intensity through his own style:^^ Dynamic dramatic compositions, poses, lying on bed, pulled of horses, lots of action just going on the emposes gestures and figuration
➤ Lush, rich, saturated colors and hues that helped bring these emotions with a rich sense of color in his works
_________________
➤ Painting is romantic in subjectt and style: comes from a Romantic piece of literature, a poem by Lord Biron
➤ Poem in particular is specifically about the death of an Assyrian king called Sardonopolis
➤ Subject: romantic, but a story about ^^heightened over the top emotions^^
➤ ^^Eroticism of the harem itself, death, suicide, fear, terror mixed with anger^^ at the same time with the idea of chaos and fleeing of army
➤ ^^Enhances this emotional intensity through his own style:^^ Dynamic dramatic compositions, poses, lying on bed, pulled of horses, lots of action just going on the emposes gestures and figuration
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Wanderer above a Sea of Mist
➤ Love of nature and particularly an intense love for it was emphasized through landscape and primordial self (natural self) unencumbered by society and social norms
➤ Being in nature; it felt like releasing true selves
➤ German artist certainly exemplifies the love
➤ Tall, craggy mountains in the distant with swirling clouds, distance and fog looking into the wonderful sense of movement
➤ Sublime sense of nature (awe, grand sense of majesty)
➤ Romantic understanding of the landscape unleashing the intense feelings
➤ Being in nature; it felt like releasing true selves
➤ German artist certainly exemplifies the love
➤ Tall, craggy mountains in the distant with swirling clouds, distance and fog looking into the wonderful sense of movement
➤ Sublime sense of nature (awe, grand sense of majesty)
➤ Romantic understanding of the landscape unleashing the intense feelings
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Flashcards (106)