Study Guide Ex 2, cH'S (7-8-9-11) csun PHYSIOLOGY

The myelin sheaths of CNS neurons are produced by __________, producing 'white matter'.

oligodendrocytes

Ependymal cells help produce __________.

cerebrospinal fluid

The myelin sheaths of PNS neurons are produced by __________.

Schwann cells

The gap of exposed axon in the myelin sheath is known as the __________.

nodes of Ranvier

A lack of __________ causes degeneration of spinal motor neurons in adults.

Glial-derived neurotrophic factor (GDNF)

Neurotropins are responsible for sustaining neurons that use the neurotransmitter __________.

dopamine

During the relative refractory period, many Na+ channels are returning to a __________ state.

closed

The key neurotransmitter that produces excitatory postsynaptic potentials (EPSPs) in the brain is __________.

glutamate

GABA is the most common neurotransmitter in the brain and is __________ in nature.

inhibitory

Synaptic plasticity refers to the ability of synapses to change in response to __________.

activity

Temporal summation involves a single neuron releasing neurotransmitter __________, resulting in successive waves of EPSPs or IPSPs.

rapidly

Excitotoxicity occurs due to excessive release of __________, leading to neuronal cell death.

glutamate

Long term potentiation (LTP) enhances excitability and can last for __________ or even weeks.

hours

The total percentage of blood flow to the body per minute that goes to the brain is __________.

15%.

Neurogenesis is the formation of new neurons from __________.

neural stem cells.

The insula is involved in memory and integration of sensory information with __________ responses.

visceral

The central sulcus separates the __________ lobe and the parietal lobe.

frontal

A raised area on the cerebral cortex is called a __________, while a depressed groove is a sulcus.

gyrus

An electroencephalogram (EEG) obtained from an adult who is thinking will probably display many __________ waves.

beta

REM sleep is the category of sleep in which __________ occur.

dreams

The corticospinal tract and the __________ tract are the two major groups of descending tracts originating in the brain.

extrapyramidal

What regulates blood vessel __________?

diameter.

Damage to the ventral nerve root affects __________.

motor function.

The consequence of a chronically high hormone concentration affects the __________ of that hormone.

receptor sensitivity.

The most effective way of treating an asthma attack is through the use of __________ medications.

bronchodilator.