e Maps | Quizlet

Anatomy

The study of the structure of the body and how its parts are organized.

Physiology

The study of how the body works and how its parts function.

Root Word

The main part of a medical word that usually identifies the body part.

Prefix

The beginning of a word that changes the meaning of a word.

Suffix

The ending of a word that describes a condition, disease, or action.

Bradycardia

A condition of a slow heart rate.

Myalgia

Muscle pain.

Sagittal Plane

A plane that divides the body into left and right portions.

Midsagittal Plane

A plane that divides the body into equal left and right halves.

Frontal (Coronal) Plane

A plane that divides the body into front and back portions.

Transverse Plane

A plane that divides the body into upper and lower portions.

Anatomical Position

The standard body position used in healthcare: standing upright, facing forward, arms at sides, palms forward, and feet slightly apart.

Superior (Cranial)

Toward the head.

Inferior (Caudal)

Toward the feet.

Anterior (Ventral)

Toward the front of the body.

Posterior (Dorsal)

Toward the back of the body.

Medial

Toward the midline of the body.

Lateral

Away from the midline.

Proximal

Closer to the point of attachment.

Distal

Farther from the point of attachment.

Superficial

Near the surface of the body.

Deep

Farther inside the body.

Dorsal Cavity

The cavity at the back of the body that contains the brain and spinal cord.

Cranial Cavity

The space within the skull that contains the brain.

Spinal Cavity

The space within the vertebral column that contains the spinal cord.

Ventral Cavity

The cavity at the front of the body that contains the thoracic, abdominal, and pelvic cavities.

Thoracic Cavity

The chest cavity that contains the heart and lungs.

Abdominal Cavity

The cavity that contains digestive organs.

Pelvic Cavity

The cavity that contains the bladder and reproductive organs.

Right Upper Quadrant (RUQ)

The upper right section of the abdomen; contains the liver and gallbladder.

Left Upper Quadrant (LUQ)

The upper left section of the abdomen; contains the stomach and spleen.

Right Lower Quadrant (RLQ)

The lower right section of the abdomen; contains the appendix.

Left Lower Quadrant (LLQ)

The lower left section of the abdomen; contains parts of the large intestine.

Right Hypochondriac Region

The upper right abdominal area beneath the ribs.

Epigastric Region

The upper middle abdominal area.

Left Hypochondriac Region

The upper left abdominal area beneath the ribs.

Right Lumbar Region

The middle right abdominal area.

Umbilical Region

The middle abdominal area around the navel.

Left Lumbar Region

The middle left abdominal area.

Right Iliac (Inguinal) Region

The lower right abdominal area.

Hypogastric Region

The lower middle abdominal area.

Left Iliac (Inguinal) Region

The lower left abdominal area.

Cell

The basic structural and functional unit of life.

Cell Membrane

The outer covering of the cell that controls what enters and exits.

Cytoplasm

The jelly-like substance inside the cell.

Nucleus

The control center of the cell that contains DNA.

Epithelial Tissue

Tissue that covers and protects body surfaces and lines organs.

Connective Tissue

Tissue that supports, connects, and protects body parts.

Muscle Tissue

Tissue that allows movement.

Skeletal Muscle

Muscle that moves bones and is under voluntary control.

Cardiac Muscle

Muscle found only in the heart that pumps blood.

Smooth Muscle

Muscle found in organs that works involuntarily.

Gene

A segment of DNA that carries instructions for a specific trait.

DNA

The genetic material of the cell shaped like a double helix.

Dominant Trait

A trait that appears when only one copy of a gene is present.

Recessive Trait

A trait that appears only when two copies of a gene are present.

Mutation

A change in the DNA sequence.

Congenital Disorder

A condition present at birth, often caused by genetic factors.

Down syndrome

A genetic condition caused by an extra chromosome 21.

Cystic fibrosis

A genetic disorder that affects the lungs and digestive system.

Spina bifida

A condition in which the spinal cord does not develop properly.

Exocrine Glands

Glands that use ducts to release substances onto body surfaces or into body cavities.

Endocrine Glands

Glands that do not use ducts and release hormones directly into the bloodstream.

Ongoing (8)

You have begun to study these terms. Keep up the good work!