Chemistry Grade 9 - Flashcards

This is a set of vocabulary flashcards for Chemistry Grade 9, covering topics from atmosphere and environment to salts. The flashcards include terms, definitions, and key concepts.

Atmosphere

The layer of air surrounding the Earth, composed mainly of nitrogen and oxygen.

Greenhouse Gases

Gases that trap heat energy in the Earth's atmosphere, such as carbon dioxide and methane.

Greenhouse Effect

The trapping of heat energy by greenhouse gases in the Earth's atmosphere, keeping the planet warm.

Global Warming

The increase of the Earth’s average temperature due to the presence of increasing amounts of greenhouse gases in the atmosphere.

Climate Change

Long-term temperature shifts and weather patterns caused by increasing amounts of greenhouse gases and other pollutants.

Air Pollutants

Substances responsible for the contamination of air, including carbon monoxide, sulfur dioxide, oxides of nitrogen, smoke, and chlorofluorocarbons.

Carbon Monoxide

A poisonous gas produced during the incomplete combustion of carbon-containing compounds.

Sulfur Dioxide

A colorless gas with an irritating smell, mostly produced by the burning of fossil fuels.

Oxides of Nitrogen

Gases that come mostly from internal combustion engines of vehicles.

Acid Rain

A phenomenon where sulfur dioxide and oxides of nitrogen react with water vapor and oxygen in the air to form sulfuric acid and nitric acid, respectively, causing rain water to become acidic.

Smoke

A mixture consisting of tiny suspended solid particles which are mainly composed of carbon (soot) and ash.

Chlorofluorocarbons (CFCs)

Compounds made up of carbon, fluorine, and chlorine, formerly used as coolants, propellants, and cleaning agents.

Water Pollution

The contamination of water bodies by harmful substances.

Eutrophication

A process where excess fertilizers washed into water cause rapid growth of algae, depleting oxygen and harming aquatic organisms.

Mixture

Consists of two or more components that are physically combined together.

Sublimation

The change from the solid state to the gas state without passing through the liquid state.

Crystallization

The process of obtaining crystals of a dissolved solid (solute) from a solution.

Simple Distillation

A separation technique used to separate a solvent from a solution by boiling and condensation.

Symbol

A short-hand way of representing an element.

Formula

A short-hand way to represent a molecule or a compound.

Valency

The combining power of an element.

Diatomic Molecule

A molecule consisting of two atoms of non-metals chemically joined together.

Radical

A group of atoms chemically combined together, having a formula and a valency.

Chemical Reaction

A process which involves the formation of new substances.

Reactants

The starting substances in a chemical reaction.

Products

The new substances formed in a chemical reaction.

Chemical Equation

A symbolic representation of a chemical reaction in the form of symbols and formulae.

Chemical Property

A characteristic of a substance that can be observed during a chemical reaction.

Chemical Reactivty

A measure of how readily a substance undergoes a chemical reaction.

Reactivity seriies

A list of metals arranged in order of reactivity.

Neutralisation reaction

A chemical reaction between an acid and a base to form a salt and water.

Laxative

A substance that eases evacuation of the bowels.

Solubility

Describes the extent to which a salt dissolves in a solvent.

Atmosphere

Air around Earth. It has nitrogen and oxygen.

Greenhouse Gases

Gases that trap heat. Examples: carbon dioxide and methane.

Greenhouse Effect

Gases trap heat, warming Earth.

Global Warming

Earth's temp rises from more greenhouse gases.

Climate Change

Big changes in temp and weather. Caused by pollution.

Air Pollutants

Harmful things in air. Examples: smoke and gases.

Carbon Monoxide

Poison gas from burning things.

Sulfur Dioxide

Gas with bad smell. Made by burning fuels.

Oxides of Nitrogen

Gases from car engines.

Acid Rain

Rain with acid. From gases in the air.

Smoke

Mix of tiny carbon and ash bits.

Chlorofluorocarbons (CFCs)

Chemicals with carbon, fluorine, and chlorine.

Water Pollution

Dirty water from bad stuff.

Eutrophication

Too many nutrients in water. Harms life.

Mixture

Two or more things mixed.

Sublimation

Solid changes to gas. No liquid phase.

Crystallization

Get solid crystals from a solution.

Simple Distillation

Separate liquid from solution by boiling.

Symbol

Short way to show an element.

Formula

Short way to show a molecule.

Valency

How well an element combines.

Molecule with