3.2 inguinal region, LE, organization, pelvis

what muscle helps build the inguinal ligament?

external oblique

what is the floor of the inguinal canal?

inguinal ligamnet

what is the anterior wall of the inguinal canal?

external oblique aponeurosis

what makes up the roof of the inguinal canal?

1. internal oblique

2. transverse abdominus

what makes up the posterior wall of the inguinal canal?

1. transverse fascia

2. conjoined tendon

3. internal oblique (inferior fibers)

what is the entrance to the inguinal canal called?

deep inguinal ring

which part of the inguinal canal is not considered a “true” opening?

deep inguinal ring

What happens at the deep inguinal ring if its not considered a true opening?

invagination

• structures push through and drag boundaries with them

  • transversalis fascia

what is the exit for the inguinal canal?

superficial inguinal ring

In what part of what muscle is the superficial inguinal ring located?

The external oblique aponeurosis!

what structures pass through the superficial inguinal ring?

In everyone:

1. ilioinguinal nerve

2. genital branch of genitofemoral Nerve

In women/females: round ligament

In men/males: spermatic cord

what are the two types of inguinal hernias?

1. indirect inguinal hernia

2. direct inguinal hernia

what makes the two types of hernias different?

The pathway the abdominal contents take to get out of the abdominal cavity

which hernias abdominal contents enter deep inguinal ring and exits superficial inguinal ring?

indirect hernia

which hernias abdominal contents push through abdominal wall muscles? (don’t enter deep inguinal ring)

direct

what is a sign a patient has an inguinal hernia?

patient will present with a bulge in the inguinal region

• PT would refer

what is happening in the body with both kinds of inguinal hernias?

abdominal viscera pushing into an area that it isn’t supposed to go

what’s the difference between a sports hernia and an inguinal hernia, when identifying it?

No bulge! muscle impacted

what does the abdominal aorta divide into?

• right common iliac artery → right internal iliac artery and right external iliac artery

• left common iliac artery→ left internal iliac artery and left external iliac artery

where does do internal iliac arteries provide blood to?

all of the structures to the pelvic cavity

where do the external iliac arteries provide blood to?

supplies blood to all structures of the lower extremity

what divisions is femoral nerve formed by?

posterior divisions!

what divisions is the obturator formed by?

anterior divisions

What is in the anterior compartment of the thigh?

quadricpes

What is in the posterior compartment of the thigh?

hamstrings

What is in the medial compartment of the of the thigh?

adductors

What is the anterior compartment of the thigh separated by?

medial and lateral intermuscular septum

• separates it from the posterior and medial compartments

What is in the anterior compartment of the leg?

dorsiflexors, toe extensors

What is in the posterior compartment of the leg?

plantar flexors, toe flexors

What is in the lateral compartment of the leg?

ankle evertors

what divides the compartments of the leg?

anterior and posterior septa

What splits the posterior compartments of the leg?

transverse Intermuscular septum

What muscles are in the 1st layer of the foot?

In order from lateral to medial

1. abductor digiti minimi

2. flexor digitorum brevis

3. abductor hallucis

What’s in the 2nd layer of the foot?

In order from lateral to medial

1. quadratus plantae

2. lumbricals

What’s in the 3rd layer of the foot?

In order from lateral to medial

1. flexor digiti minimi brevis

2. adductor hallucis (transverse head and oblique head)

3. flexor hallucis brevis, medial and lateral heads

What’s in the 4th layer of the foot?

plantar and dorsal interosseous muscles

what muscles are in the dorsum of the foot?

• extensor hallucis brevis

  • assists the extensor hallucis longus to extend 1st toe

• extensor digitorum brevis

  • assist extensor digitorum longus to extend the 2nd to 5th toes

what creates the sacroiliac joint?

os coxae + sacrum

What comes together at the pubic symphysis?

os coxae + os coxae

what 3 components come together to form the acetabulum?

1. illium

2. ischium

3. pubis

what plane can you see the acetabulum?

sagittal plane - lateral side

sacroiliac joint surface is made up for two parts:

1. auricular surface (synovial)

2. tuberosity (fibrous)

qualities of auricular surface of the sacroiliac joint:

• anterior

• covered in hyaline cartilage

• *synovial

qualities of the tuberosity of sacroiliac joint

• posterior part

• interosseous SI ligament

• *fibrous

function of the anterior part of the sacroilliac joint?

movement! - transfer of forces for LE movement

• auricular surface

function of the posterior part of the sacroilliac joint?

stability! - to tolerate forces

• tuberosity

what are the ligaments of the sacroilliac ligament?

1. iliolumbar ligament

2. anterior sacroiliac ligament

3. interosseous sacroiliac ligament

4. posterior sacroiliac ligaments

5. sacrospinous ligament

6. sacrotuberous ligament

where are the interosseous SI ligaments located?

fills gaps in tuberosity part of SI joint

where are the anterior and posterior sacroiliac ligaments?

ilium to sacrum

where is the iliolumbar ligament located?

L4/L5 transverse processes to ilium

where are sacrospinous ligaments located?

sacrum to ischial spine

where is the sacrotuberous ligament located?

sacrum to ischial tuberosity

why are sacroiliac joint ligaments important?

major stabilizer of the joint!

what are the ligaments reinforce the disc of the pubic symphysis?

1. superior pubic ligament

2. arcuate ligament

where is the pubic symphysis found between? (specific)

symphyseal surfaces of pubic bones

what side does the superior pubic ligament support?

superior side

what side does the arcuate (pubic) ligament support?

inferior side