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ATP
known as the energy currency of the cell.
It provides energy for cellular functions across all organisms.
Why is ATP referred to as the energy currency of the cell?
Mechanical, transport, and chemical.
Types of work by ATP
ΔG (free energy change) of ATP hydrolysis
The free energy change for ATP hydrolysis is approximately -30.5 kJ/mol.
Energy Coupling
Using the energy released from ATP hydrolysis to drive endergonic reactions.
ATP Cycle
The continuous regeneration of ATP from ADP and inorganic phosphate, requiring energy input.
Advantage of ATP over glucose as an energy source
ATP allows efficient energy transfer and does not rely solely on glucose.
Speed up reactions by lowering the activation energy.
Role of Enzymes
Activation Energy (Ea)
The energy required to initiate a reaction.
Induced-Fit Model
A mechanism of enzyme action where the enzyme changes shape to better fit the substrate.
Controlled Oxidation
A process in cells where oxidation occurs in multiple steps, gradually releasing energy.
NAD+
An electron carrier that accepts electrons and becomes NADH, temporarily storing energy.
Redox Reactions
Reactions involving the transfer of electrons, crucial for processes like cellular respiration.
Note 
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