The endocrine system

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30 Terms

1

What is a hormone?

A chemical messenger

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2

How many types of hormones are there?

50

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3

What do hormones do in your body?

Reproduction, metabolism and energy balance, growth and development, body defences, homeostasis

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4

What is a hormonal cascade?

hormones that are set off by other hormones

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5

Where are hormones secreted into?

the blood

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6

What is a gland?

any structure that makes and secretes a hormone

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7

Which is the main gland in the body?

pituitary gland

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8

What does the pituitary gland do?

signals other glands to make and secrete their own hormones

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9

Name 4 glands the pituitary gland stimulates

thyroid, peri-thyroid, adrenal, pineal

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10

Can a hormone trigger a reaction in all cells?

no

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11

What is the name of cells a hormone can work on?

a target cell

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12

What type of cells in the pancreas release insulin?

beta cells

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13

What type of cells in the pancreas release glucagon?

Alpha cells

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14

What is graves’ disease?

an immune system disorder that results in hyperthyroidism

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15

What can the symptoms of hyperthyroidism be?

insomnia, weight loss, excessive sweating, heart palpitations, anxiety

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16

What is adrenal crisis?

the adrenal glands do not produce enough cortisol

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17

What are the risk factors of addison’s disease?

autoimmune diseases, trauma, adrenal tumours, anticoagulants, TB, HIV, fungal infections, female, 30 - 50 years old

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18

What are the risk factors for steroid induced adrenal crisis?

Prolonged use of corticosteroids, polypharmacy, removal of steroid therapy without guidance

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19

Where are the adrenal glands located?

on top of the kidneys

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20

How many layers is the cortex of the adrenal glands divided up into?

3

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21

What is the outer layer of the cortex of the adrenal glands called?

Zona Glomerulosa

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22

What is the middle layer of the cortex of the adrenal glands called?

Zona Fasciculata

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23

What is the inner layer of the cortex of the adrenal glands called?

Zona reticularis

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24

What does the outer layer of the cortex of the adrenal gland produce?

aldosterone

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25

What does the middle layer of the cortex of the adrenal gland produce?

cortisol

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26

What does the inner layer of the cortex of the adrenal gland produce?

testosterone

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27

What can cause secondary adrenal insufficiency?

a problem with the pituitary gland

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28

What are the symptoms of aldosterone insufficiency?

Hyperkalaemia, Hyponatremia, dehydration, hypovolaemia, salt craving, nausea, stomach pain

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29

What are the symptoms of a cortisol insufficiency?

muscle weakness, lethargy, unable to maintain activity, hyperpigmentation of skin, low blood sugar levels

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30
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