Chem 1071 Final - Quiz 2

standard enthalpy of reaction

standard enthalpy of reaction

the enthalpy of a reaction carried out at 1 atm

principal quantum number

symbol = n
orbital energy (size)
positive integers (1,2,3)

angular momentum quantum number

symbol = l
orbital shape
integers from 0 to n-1

what are the orbital shapes and what does l equal for each of them?

l = 0, s orbital
l =1, p orbital
l = 2, d orbital
l = 3, f orbital

magnetic quantum number

symbol = ml
oribtal orientation
integers from -l to 0 to +l

spin quantum number

symbol = ms
direction of electron spin
+1/2 or -1/2

frequency

(v) number of complete waves or cycles that pass a given point per second (measure in hertz (1/s))

wavelength

(lambda) distance between any point on a wave and the corresponding point on the next crest (meters, nm, angstroms)

speed

(m/s) distance wave movers per unit time

wavelength * frequency

how are frequency and wavelength related

as frequency increases, wavelength decreases

amplitude

height of crest

how is amplitude related to intensity of radiation?

higher amplitude = brighter radiation

refraction

wave changes its speed/direction as it passes through a different medium

dispersion

white light separates into its colors while passing through a prism

diffraction

when a wave strikes the edge of an object and bends around it

E (energy of radiation) =

nhv

(n - quantum number)
(h - planck's constant)
(v - frequency)

deltaE =

hv
hc/wavelength

how are energy, wavelength, and frequency related

as energy increases so does frequency, and wavelength decreases

E(photon) =

hc/wavelength
hv

Rydberg Equation

1/wavelength = R (1/n1^2 - 1/n2^2)

(R = constant, n1 = region of electromagnetic specturm where lines occur)

deltaE(atom) =

Efinal-Einitial
hv
Ephoton

ground state

when the electron is in the first orbit (n = 1)

bohr equation to calculate energy level of an atom

E = -2.18 * 10^-18 J (Z^2/n^2)

(Z = charge of nucleus, n = state electron is in)

find change in energy between two energy levels of an atom

deltaE = -2.18 * 10^-18 J (1/n^2(f)-1/n^2(i))

(nf = final energy state, ni = initial energy state)

equation to find wavelength of a spectral line

wavelenght = hc/deltaE

de Broglie wavelength

used to find wavelenght of any particle of mass

wavelength = h/mu

(m = mass, u = speed)

how are mass and wavelength related?

higher mass = smaller wavelength

Momentum of a photon

p = h / lambda

how are photon momentum and wavelength related?

shorter wavelength = greater momentum

uncertainty principle equation

deltaX <b> m </b> deltaU is greater than or equal to h/4pi

(delta x = uncertainty in position, deltaU is uncertainty in speed)

as n increases, what happens

the orbital becomes larger

-q(rxn) =

q(water) + q(cal)

q(cal) equation

c * deltaT

rule for Cr and Cs electron configuration

only have 4s1 not 4s2