3.1 Nerves: Central & Peripheral Nervous Systems

These flashcards cover essential vocabulary related to the central and peripheral nervous systems, aiding in understanding and memorization for the exam.

Somatic Nervous System

Part of the peripheral nervous system associated with the voluntary control of body movements via skeletal muscles.

Autonomic Nervous System

A part of the peripheral nervous system that controls involuntary bodily functions, including heart rate and digestion.

Sensory Fibers

Nerve fibers that transmit sensory information from receptors to the central nervous system.

Motor Fibers

Nerve fibers that carry signals from the central nervous system to muscles or glands.

Cranial Nerves

The twelve pairs of nerves that directly emerge from the brain, primarily responsible for sensory and motor functions in the head and neck.

Spinal Nerves

Nerves that emerge from the spinal cord and carry motor, sensory, and autonomic signals between the spinal cord and the body.

Plexus

A network of intersecting nerves or vessels.

Dermatome

An area of skin that is mainly supplied by a single spinal nerve root.

Myotome

A group of muscles that a single spinal nerve root innervates.

Parasympathetic Nervous System

Division of the autonomic nervous system that conserves energy as it slows the heart rate and increases intestinal and gland activity.

Sympathetic Nervous System

Division of the autonomic nervous system that accelerates heart rate and induces the 'fight or flight' response.

Neurons

Specialized cells that transmit nerve impulses.

Neuroglia

Supportive cells of the nervous system that provide support, insulation, and protection for neurons.

Prevertebral Ganglia

Ganglia that are located in front of the vertebral column near the aorta.

Intervertebral Foramen

The opening between the vertebrae through which spinal nerves exit the vertebral column.

Vagus Nerve (CN X)

A cranial nerve that supplies parasympathetic fibers to the heart, lungs, and digestive tract.

Visceral Nervous System

Part of the autonomic nervous system that controls internal organs.

Afferent Pathways

Nerve pathways that carry sensory information toward the central nervous system.

Efferent Pathways

Nerve pathways that carry motor signals away from the central nervous system.