Studied by 33 people
based on heimler's history, personal notes, slideshows, etc
berring land bridge
how people came to north america
how did native societies interact with each other
adaptation, innovation, and migration
nonmadic people
always moving
housing in NA civilization
teepees among rivers
how were stories preserved and told
carved in totem poles
buffalo jump
bald eagle or buffalo
multi faceted
many sided
how did southwest live
caves, clifs, multi story building from earth materials
sedentary
what disrupted southwest civilization
drought and arrival of europeans
northeast
humans and farmers
nonmadic
example is ute
three sisters
corn, beans, squash
will only grow if together
maize
corn
encomienda system
forced spanish labor system
two groups to be enslaved
africans and native americans
what did spain vow for labor
native americans will be protected during labor
dispute between spain and portugal
both controlled by catholic monarch
land overlapped
turned to pope
what country was the most dominant empire
spain
northwest food source
fishing, hunting, gathering
teepees
concical tents made out of buffalo skin and wood
archaic period
hunting and gathering
mayans
written language, numerical system, calendar, advanced agricultural system, trade routes
northern civilizations
hunting, gathering, fishing
woodland indians
farming, hunting, gathering, and fishing
sextant
use for latitude and longitude for navigation
caravels
sail with wind and sail farthur
christopher columbus
went on voyage thanks to spain and landed in bahamas
where did columbus think he was when he arrived in bahamas
asia
what did columbus name the native people of the bahamas
indies or west indies
prince henry the navigator
explore western coast of africa to try to find a passage to asia for trading
what land did spain claim
new world
what land did portugal claim
asia, africa, brazil
ferdinand magellan
discovered magellan strait in south america
bartholomew dias
rounded southern tip of africa
vasco de gama
around cape of india
pedro cabral
bound for india but blow off into brazil
conquistadores
claimed all of na and sa except brazil
what did spain do to the natives
enslaved and forced customs on them
canary islands
sugar plantation
elmina castle
holding place for africans and trade gold for humans
caste system
spain, other europeans, africans, native americans
spanish caste system for themselves
purely spain, criollos (born in the colony), mestizos
repartimiento
native towns had to supply a group of natives to spain
maroon colonies
formerly enslaved africans group
feudalism
worked for noble in change for pprotection
sepulveda
believed that native americans had no rights or property
bartolome de las casas
defended the native americans, persuaded king to abolish slavery
conquistadores
claimed all of na and sa except brazil
hernando cortes
met aztecs in mexico with over 1k men
francisco pizarr
conquered peru and revealed wealth of incas
hernando de soto
greedy, several expeditions, discovered and crossed mississippi river
francisco coronando
greedy for gold, southwest for spain settlement
wealthest country at the time
spain
why was spain so rich
riches from america and agricultural economy
mestizos
new mixed race marriage between spain and natives
ways natives protect traiditions and customs
escape and blended own traditions and christianity
diseases from europe to na
smallpox and measlesc
columbian exchange
transfer of things between africa, europe, and america
why were native americans last on the caste system
knew the land so kept escaping and never retunrning
feudalism
peasants work on noble land for protection
capitalism
private ownership
moctezuma
leader of aztecs when spanish invaded
bartolomoe de la casas
if spainiards continue killing, they will lose souls to god
mission system
missionaries attempt to convert natives to christianity
requerimiento
native americans are promised freedom as long as converted to christianity
mercantilism
maximize exports and minimize imports
middle passage
african slaves were forced to be cramped in boats for slavery → many died → starvation/disease
joint stock company
company made of shareholders
why did europeans believe that africans should be enslaved
believed that they were descended from kanaan who was enslaved
trading post empire
africa, europe, and asia trading with maritime techonology
aztech/technotitlan
very advanced technology, language, complex system, irrigation, sacrifice
why did europe want to expand
population increase
political unification
desire for luxury goods
what did america bring to europe
maize gold silver
what did europe bring to america
pigs cattle horses diseases
mission system
force NA into catholicism and assimilate spanish culture
pueblo revolt
due to forced conversion, killed spanish colonizers and burned churches
reasons europe went to america
stronger and centralized states
growing upper class
trading with asia → look for sea base routes
europe and native american different views
europe → commodity NA → symbiotic
europe → christianity NA → pantheistic
puritans
hoped to create a pure church with own rules and were unhappy with the church of england
indentured servants
labored for 7 years to get into new world and a bit of land
enslavement
africans were forced to work
jacques cartier
explored st lawrence river
samuel de champlain
found quebec
henry hudson
found nyc and river named after dutch
william bradford
plymouth governor
southern colonies
slave trade for tobacco and rice plantation
fugitive slave law
slaves must be returned to owner if escape
3/5 compromise
3/5 enslaved people would count towards population
slave codes
goes on for generation, chattel
can’t leave plantation without permission
kill slaves if misbehave
new spain
replication of spain in new world
what did france prioritize
trade and religious conversion
britain goal
expansion of empire
spains buffer
prevent european countries settling and taking territory
was slavery a priority in the beginning
no because they usually died after 24-60 months and had to pay for them
bacon’s rebellion
underclass men went against virginia government → start in forced labor
why were slave revolts rare
takes time to plan the revot and lack of weapon
how did africans try to change conditions in what they were in (slavery)
slower work, feign sickness, theft, murder, revolts
dutch
economic opportunities
barbados slave code
african slaves did not have human rights
Note 
Flashcard (68)