Regulatory test 1 cardiac disorders

Signs and symptoms of left heart failure

shortness of breath, nonproductive, cough, elevated, respiratory rate, heart rate and blood pressure, decreased 02, crackles, decreased activity PND

Signs and symptoms right heart failure

JVD, lower extremity edema, weight gain, decrease activity, fatigue, enlarged liver and spleen, G.I. discomfort, decreased appetite, ascites

What is the number one diagnostic test for heart failure?

ECG

What other diagnostic test for heart failure?

12 lead EKG, chest x-ray, heart Cath, telly, ABG, BNP, BUN, creatinine

Interventions and treatments for heart failure

fluid restriction, strict, INO, fall risk, low sodium, – diet

Interventions and treatments for left side heart failure

hi Fowler, O2 sat, give O2, incentive spirometer, ASSESS RESPIRATORY

Intervention and treatment for right side heart failure

SKIN INTEGRITY

IMPORTANT Patient teaching for heart failure

monitor signs and symptoms, weight gain, short of breath, chest pain, productive, cough, CALL DR

What is the number one priority action before giving digoxin?

check apical pulse for 60 seconds before giving

Pathophysiology for myocardial infarction

plaque buildup, clots, occlusion, could be full or partial blockage

Signs and symptoms of MI

chest, pain, pain, radiates, sweating, fatigue, heartburn, shortness of breath

Diagnostic test for MI

12 lead EKG, catheter, echo, check troponin and myoglobin levels

Interventions and treatments for MI

nitro, aspirin, oxygen, beta blockers, tele, semi/high Fowlers, decrease anxiety, IV access

Number one sign in symptom of peripheral artery disease

intermittent qualification of the calf thighs and hips

What other signs and symptoms of PAD

cramps, aches, relief with rust, cool/pale extremities, hair loss, numbness/tingling, pain is worse with more activity

Diagnostic test for PAD

ankle/brachial index, cholesterol, angiogram, ultrasound

Risk factors for PAD

diabetes, high cholesterol, SMOKING, elevated blood pressure, high fat diet/obesity, family history

Risk factors for MI

men over 45, tobacco use, high BP, obesity, family, history, stress, high cholesterol

nursing Interventions and treatments for PAD

extremity pulse/cap Refill, doppler, ambulate, pain management, controlled diabetes

Med interventions for PAD

Statins, anti platelets

Patient teaching for PAD

keep extremities down, keep warm, check H2O temp for bath and showers, foot ulcers/care, NO COMPRESSION SOCKS

Signs and symptoms of DVT

calf/groin tenderness, localized edema on one side, warm/red/brown color

Diagnostic test for DVT

ultrasound, MRI, CT, elevated D dimer, ABG, platelets

Risk factors for DVT

immobility, postop, previous clotting disorder, pregnancy, heart failure, oral contraceptives

Nursing interventions/treatments for DVT

do not massage, activity is tolerated, put on fall risk

Med intervention/treatment treatments for DVT

anticoagulants, thrombolytics, compression socks

Signs and symptoms of pulmonary embolism

shortness of breath, chest pain that's worse with deep breaths, elevated heart rate, decrease O2, cough with or without blood, lightheaded

Diagnostic test for PE

didier, pulmonary CT, ultrasound, ABG

Risk factors for PE

current DVT or history of

Nurse intervention/treatments of PE

manage O2, high Fowlers, put on telly, fall risk

Med intervention/treatments for PE

Anticoagulants, thrombolytics, embolectomy

Patient teaching for PE

no signs and symptoms of DVT, increase activity and hydration, fall risk, strict, med, adherence, no longer sitting

What is regurgitation valve disorder?

valve doesn't close

What is stenosis valve disorder?

partial close, flow is reduced

What is prolapse valve disorder?

valve is stretched out

Signs and symptoms of valve disorders

a symptomatic, murmurs, fatigue, dizziness/lightheaded

Diagnostic test for valve disorders

x-ray for enlarged heart, ECG, stress test, cardiac Cath

Risk factors for valve disorders

family, history of rheumatic fever, CAD, endocarditis, MI, high cholesterol, and BP, diabetes, radiation to chest area

Nursing intervention/treatment treatments for valve Discworld

listen to heart lung sounds, tele, monitor, vitals, closely, fall risk, peripheral pulses, and cap Refill

Patient teaching for valve disorders

Bleeding precaution, antibiotics may have to stop before procedures, low sodium, strict med adherence

What is the most common valve disorder?

aortic stenosis

Symptoms, symptoms of angina

chest pain, pain radiates, dizzy, nausea, diaphoretic, shortness of breath

Diagnostic test for angina

draw labs, troponin levels, stress, test, echo, ECG, cardiac Cath

Risk factors for angina

smokers, sedentary lifestyle, diabetes, obesity, stress

Intervention/treatments for angina

O2, nitro, statins, decreasing anxiety

Patient teaching for angina

decreased stress, follow up treatment treatments, went to call 911, how to take nitro

What level should you always check with diuretics

potassium

What can cause secondary hypertension?

kidney damage/failure or sleep apnea

What should you do in a hypertensive emergency?

reduce BP no more than 25% in one hour, no higher than 160/100 in 2 hours, then normal 24 to 48 hours

NON STEMI

Partial blockage, elevated troponin, mild to moderate damage, decreased ST wave

STEMI

full blockage, elevated, troponin, large damage, elevated ST wave, cardiac Cath immediately

Signs and symptoms of cardiomyopathy

none till it's too late, angina, orthopnea, PND, JVD, edema, ADLs, impaired, crackles

Diagnostic test for cardiomyopathy

genetic testing, stress, test, MRI/CT, EKG, echo

Risk factors for cardiomyopathy

genetics, history of MI, alcohol, pregnancy, chemo, obesity, diabetes

Nursing interventions and treatment treatments for cardiomyopathy

psychosocial needs, position with legs down, low sodium, O2, meds

Patient teaching for cardiomyopathy

elevate, head of bed, beta blockers/ace inhibitors/diuretics, low sodium

What is Dilated cardiomyopathy

most common, idiopathic, pregnancy, hypertension, chemo Most at risk

What is hypertrophic cardiomyopathy?

genetics play a role, increased muscle mass of heart, athletes will just drop dead

What is restrictive cardiomyopathy?

rigid, vascular walls, connective, tissue disorders, and chemo most at risk