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Hottest planet
Venus
Largest planet
Jupiter
Smallest planet
Mercury
Planet with thin carbon dioxide atmosphere
Mars
Planet with visible rings
Saturn
Solar eclipse
Occurs when the Moon passes directly between the Sun and Earth and casts a shadow over part of Earth
Lunar eclipse
Occurs at a full moon when Earth is directly between the moon and the sun
What causes high tides?
The gravity of the moon pulls the water towards it, causing a bulge or a rise in the sea level, which results in high tide
This occurs on two sides of the earth
What causes low tides?
In contrast to high tides, the parts of the Earth's oceans that are furthest away from the moon experience a weaker pull due to water receding and going to a high tide
This results in the sea level dropping, which causes a low tide.
Rocky Planets (in order)
Mercury, Venus, Earth, Mars
Gaseous Planets (in order)
Jupiter, Saturn, Uranus, Neptune
Meteoroid
A chunk of rock or dust in space
Meteor
A streak of light in the sky produced by the burning of a meteoroid in Earth's atmosphere.
Meteorite
A meteoroid that passes through the atmosphere and hits Earth's surface.
What is the sun made of?
75% hydrogen and 25% helium
Solar flare
A sudden eruption of intense high-energy radiation from the sun's surface
Sunspot
A cooler darker spot appearing every 11 years on the sun's photosphere
Aurora
An atmospheric phenomenon consisting of bands of light caused by charged solar particles following the earth's magnetic lines of force
How do seasons occur?
Caused by the tilt of Earth's axis
If the axis is tilted away from the Sun, that hemisphere is in the winter, because it is receiving less direct sunlight
If the axis is tilted towards the sun that hemisphere is in summer and is receiving direct sunlight
Comets
Balls of ice, rock, and dust in space with a tail
Why do comets have tails?
When they come to the inner part of the solar system, the sun vaporizes some of them leaving behind a tail.
What is an asteroid?
A rock orbiting the Sun that was left over when the planets formed.
Where is the asteroid belt located?
Between Jupiter and Mars
What is the heliocentric model?
The sun is the center of the solar system
Earth's rotation period
24 hours
Earth's revolution period
365 days
Big Bang Theory
The theory that the universe originated from an infinitely small and infinitely hot mass in a huge explosion that released all matter and energy.
Solar Nebula Theory
The theory that describes how stars and planets form from contracting, spinning disks of gas and dust
Light years
The distance light travels in a year
What are constellations?
Groups of stars that make an apparent pattern in the sky.
What are ways to classify stars?
Temperature
Colour
Luminosity
Mass
Radius
Note 
Flashcard (28)