Coker Exam 2 REL 1350 Baylor

In Praise of Folly

Attacks monks, written by Erasmus.

Things that trouble Luther

Corruption he finds in Rome. Selling of indulgences (Tetzel). He is anti works-based salvation.

What happens in 1517 that makes Luther write the 95 Theses?

Pope sells the bishopric to German nobleman to help pay for St. Peter's Basilica.

Luther posts 95 Theses in Wittenberg.

What happens October 31st 1517?

Priesthood of all believers

All believers can communicate with God. i.e read bible.

To the Christian Nobility of the German Nation. The Babylonian Captivity of the Church. The Freedom of a Christian.

Luther's 1520 Treatises

To the Christian Nobility of the German Nation

Written by Luther. Attacks idea of papal infallibility. (Pope is not always right). Pope is the center of corruption in church. Appeals to German national pride.

The Babylonian Captivity of the Church

Written by Luther. Attacks the sacramental system. (the seven sacraments). Pro Lord's Supper and Baptism.

The Freedom of a Christian

Written by Luther. A Christian is a perfectly free lord of all, subject to none. A Christian is a perfectly dutiful servant of all, subject to all.

The Diet of Worms

Administered by Holy Roman Emperor Charles V. Luther threatened with excommunication unless he recanted his writings. Luther says: "Here I stand, I can do no other"

Prince Frederick.

Who kidnapped Luther after Diet of Worms for his safety?

German nobles and peasants. Sides with nobles when peasants revolt in 1525.

Who supported Luther?

Zwingli

Influenced by Erasmus and humanism. Launched reformation in Zurich. Defended the sausage eaters.

Zwingli's Theology

Strict Biblicism. More radical than Luther. Attacked non-bible based human ideas. i.e monastic orders, indulgences

The Marburg Colloquy 1529

Division between Luther and Zwingli over presence of Christ in Eucharist.

Philip of Hesse.

Who resolved Marburg Colloquy?

Luther and Melanchton (German Side) of Marburg Colloquy

Reject transubstantiation. "This is my body" is literal. Considered it a sacramental union.

Zwingli and Johannes Oecolampadius (Swiss Side) of Marburg Colloquy

Reject transubstantiation. "This is my body" is symbolic. Eucharist is commemoration of Christ.

Result of Marburg Colloquy

Two strains of Protestantism.

John Calvin

Brought Reformation to Geneva. Believed in predestination. Wrote Institutes of Christian Religion.

Total Depravity

Unconditional Election

Limited Atonement

Irresistible Grace

Perseverance of the saints

TULIP

Arminianism

Counterpoint to Calvinism.

Jacob Arminius

Opposed Calvin. Emphasized on free will.

Synod of Dort 1619

Rejects Arminianism, Calvinism entrenched in Holland.

Calvinism characteristics and spread

Churches governed by church board. Protestant work ethic.

Calvinism spreads to...

Scotland by John Knox, England by Puritans, Belgium and Holland by William and Orange.

Huguenots

French Protestants.

Edict of Nantes

Gave small degree of toleration in France.

30 Years' War

Rome attempts to re-Catholicize parts of Europe.

The Radical Reformation

Took ideas of Luther, Zwingli further. Persecuted by both Catholics and Protestants.

The Anabaptists

First appeared in Switzerland in 1520s. At the heart of the Radical Reformation. "re-baptizers"

Conrad Grebel

Anabaptist who opposed Zwingli in Zurich.

Three branches of Anabaptist movement

Evangelical Anabaptists

Communist Anabaptists

Apocalyptic Anabaptists

Evangelical Anabaptists

Schleitheim Confession 1527. Believers' baptism, use of the ban, isolation from secular state, pacifism.

Menno Simmons

Catholic priest in Netherlands. Renounced Catholicism.

Jacob Hutter

Followers known as Hutterites. Communist Anabaptist.

Apocalyptic Anabaptists

Led by Thomas Muntzer and Melchior Hoffman

Thomas Muntzer

Apocalyptic Anabaptist. Took reformation ideas to radical extreme. Organized an army. His people took the city of Muntzer. Encouraged protestant revolt in 1525.

Melchior Hoffman

Believed he was Elijah from Old Testament.

HEMEJCCJ

Henry VIII, Edward VI, Mary I, Elizabeth I, James I, Charles I, Charles II, James II.

Henry VIII

Originally opposed Luther. Became protestant to annul marriage to Catherine of Aragon. Broke the English church off from Rome. Wanted Church of England to be like Catholic Church.

Henry's Family

Catherine of Aragon, gave birth to Mary. Anne Boleyn, gave birth to Elizabeth. Jane Seymor, gave birth to Edward.

Edward VI

Boy King. Continued Protestant reforms. Book of Common Prayer.

Mary I

Persecuted Protestants. No heir.

Elizabeth I

Defeated Spanish armada.

Via Media

The Middle Road. Elizabeth compromised Catholics and Protestants.

James I

King of Scotland, changed royal family name. Believed in divine rights of kings. Pressured puritans to conform to Church of England.

Stay, purify

Puritans wanted to ___________ in the Church of England and ______ it.

Charles I

Son of James I. Continued to oppress Puritans. Beheaded in 1649.

Oliver Cromwell

Lord Protector. Ruled with puritans in England for 10 years.

Charles II.

Restoration of the Monarchy begins with _____________.

Charles II

Persecutes Puritans. Digs out Cromwell's body and tortures it.

James II

Catholic like Charles II.

The Glorious Revolution - 1688

William of Orange and wife Mary, asked to take the throne. Make England firmly protestant.

Acts of Toleration

1689 by William of Orange.

John Smyth and Thomas Helwys.

Moved their congregations to Holland in 1609 and formed their first Baptist congregation.

Who wrote A Short Declaration of the Mystery of Iniquity?

Thomas Helwys

Long-term efforts to reform the Roman Catholic Church from within.

What was the Catholic Reformation?

What was the Counter Reformation?

The Roman Catholic Church's response to the Protestant Reformations.

Erasmus and other humanists.

Who was at the head of the Catholic Reformation?

Theresa of Avila

Who was the Spanish nun who emphasized mystical experience and began have visions at 40?

Theresa of Avila

Who sought monastic reform, founded "Discalced Carmelites", and wrote Interior Castles?

Theresa of Avila

Who is the only woman in history to found monastic orders for both men and women?

Ignatius of Loyola

Who sought monastic reform and wrote Spiritual Exercises emphasizing on submission to a spiritual director?

Jesuits

Founded by Ignatius in 1540, very strict, served on the front lines of Catholic expansion for centuries.

Who led the Counter-Reformation?

Pope Paul III

Pilgrims

What was another name for the Separatists in America?

Left aboard the Mayflower in 1620. Landed at Plymouth, Massachusetts.

When and how did the Separatists leave Holland and where did they land?

Puritans

What group got a charter for colony in 1629 from Charles I?

Massachusetts Bay Colony

What was the name of the Puritans settlement?

John Winthrop

Who was the leader of "A City Upon a Hill"

John Winthrop

Who delivered the famous sermon aboard the Arabella?

Massachusetts Bay Colony

What was the name of the colony established for religious freedom, but only for those who agreed with them?

Roger Williams

Came to America in 1630. Argued for "soul liberty", that Native Americans should be treated as equals, complete separation of church and state.

Roger Williams

Who was banished from Massachusetts Bay Colony and later founded Providence?

Roger Williams

Who argued that Native Americans should be compensated for their land?

Anne Hutchinson, where she was later killed by Native Americans.

Who was banished from Massachusetts Bay Colony and later moved to New York?

Rapid population growth but not rapid growth of church membership. Not many people were getting conversion experiences, which was required to be a full member.

What was were problems with the "city on a hill"?

What was the Half-Way Covenant of 1662?

Allowed people to join the church without having a conversion experience.

spreading Christianity with others.

What was the evangelicals emphasizes?

When did the Great Awakening begin and where?

Began in New England in 1730.

Who was Jonathan Edwards?

Congregationalist preacher in Massachusetts. People began to react emotionally to his sermons.

Who's sermon is Sinners in the Hands of an Angry God?

Jonathan Edwards

Who was George Whitefield?

English preacher who came to America to have preaching tours. Became most famous man in the colonies. Methodist and friends with Wesleys.

Who was John Wesley?

Founded Methodist church after feeling of conversion. Started bible study group at Oxford. Circuit riders.

A proto-revolutionary event.

What is the term used for the Great Awakening?

Who were key figures in The Enlightenment?

John Locke, Voltaire, Thomas Jefferson, Thomas Paine.

How did The Enlightenment affect religion?

Championed ideas of equality and equal rights. Faith in reason, over tradition, scripture, and experience.

What is Deism?

Rejects the supernatural elements of Christianity. Reason over everything.

Late 1700s and 1800s (18th and 19th century)

When was the Second Great Awakening?

Westward expansion and urban growth.

What creates concern among Christians at the beginning of the Second Great Awakening?

Baptists

Who had relaxed ordination requirements?

Their use of circuit riders.

How did Methodists grow so quickly?

Who was Lorenzo Dow?

Seemed crazy, lived during the Second Great Awakening. Preached against many isms.

Who was Charles Finney?

Most important figure of the Second Great Awakening. Started using "New Measures". Religion is the work of man, "it is something for man to do."

Tent meetings, addressing audience members directly, "Inquiry meetings", the "anxious bench", very theatrical.

What are the five New Measures?

Wittenburg.

City where Luther posted the 95 Theses?

Diet of Worms.

Place where Luther said "Here I stand, I can do no other."

Wrote satire saying recent Pope didn't go to heaven after he died

Erasmus

Henry VIII

King of England who first introduced Protestantism there.