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Asthenosphere
Layer beneath lithosphere, more plastic and ductile.
Lithosphere
Rigid outer layer of Earth, includes crust.
Sediment Thickness
Thickest near mid-ocean ridges, not true.
Earthquake Focus
Depth increases at subduction zones.
Convergent Plate Boundaries
Regions where tectonic plates collide.
Transform Faults
Boundaries where plates slide past each other.
Killer Waves
Large waves caused by underwater disturbances.
Tsunami
Wave generated by underwater earthquakes or landslides.
Curie Point
Temperature where magnetic minerals lock-in magnetism.
Magnetic Stripes
Record Earth's magnetic field changes over time.
Island Arcs
Volcanic islands formed at subduction zones.
Mid Ocean Ridge
Underwater mountain range at divergent boundaries.
Outer Planets
Gaseous planets, further from the Sun.
Inner Planets
Rocky planets, closer to the Sun.
Subduction Zones
Where one plate moves under another.
Hot Spots
Volcanic regions fed by underlying mantle.
Oceanic Trenches
Deep underwater valleys at subduction zones.
Radioactive Decay
Process contributing to Earth's internal heat.
Earth's Magnetic Field
Protects Earth, retains atmosphere and water.
Alfred Wegener
Proposed Continental Drift, lacked mechanism.
Sedimentary Rocks
Formed from sediment accumulation over time.
Plate Boundaries
Regions where tectonic plates interact.
Spreading Centers
Locations where tectonic plates diverge.
Oldest Ocean Rocks
Approximately 170 million years old.
Wave Behavior
Tsunamis increase height and decrease wavelength offshore.
Solar Winds
Stream of charged particles from the Sun.