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motif

short melodic idea

(ex. intro to Beethoven’s 5th symphony)

phrase

builds on motifs, involve harmonic changes

1. where do you breathe

2. identify harmonic changes (if no harmonic changes, then it’s just a motif)

3. ending is signalled by trills

4. ends with cadence

symmetrical phrasing

every phrase has an even amount of measures (ie., 4 measure phrases)

asymmetrical phrasing

phrases have a different number of measures (3 by 2 measure phrasing)

authentic cadence

V - I

perfect authentic cadence

I is in root position

imperfect authentic cadence

I is in first or second inversion

half cadence

ends on V

phrygian half cadence

iv⁶ - V

phrygian = ^b2

→ bottom voice resolves by half step down

plagal cadence

IV - I

melody resolves re - do

usually authentic cadence or deceptive cadence

melody resolves do - ti

usually half cadence