AP MWH 4.7 Changing Social Hierarchies

Timar

Timar

a system in which the sultan granted lan or tax revenues to those he favored

Mehmed II

leader of the Ottoman Empire in 1492

Harem

a residence where a powerful man’s wives and concubines lived

Roxelana

the chief consort and legal wife of the Ottoman Sultan Suleiman the Magnificent

Barbary pirates

those who plied the seas near North Africa along the Barbary Coast

Impressed

forced into service

queues

the braided pigtail style of the Manchu

Li Chengdong

a Han Chinese General who orchestrated three separate massacres in the city of Jaiding

Liu Liangzuo

a Han Chinese defector who massacred the entire population of Jiangyin

Nobility

the next highest level in European hierarchy; usually wealthy landowners

Sephardic Jews

Jews who trace their heritage back to Spain

Ashkenazi Jews

Jew from central and eastern Europe

Peninsulares

those who were born on the Iberian peninsula

Criollos

those of European ancestry who were born in the Americas

Castas

people of mixed-race ancestry

Mestizos

those of mixed European and indigenous ancestry

Mulattoes

those of mixed European and African ancestry

Zambos

those of mixed indigenous and African ancestry