Module 16 - Bacterial Infections

Staphylococcal Skin Infection

Staphylococcal Skin Infection

CA:

1. Staphylococcus aureus

MOT:

1. Direct contact with sores or infected wounds

Streptococcal Skin Infection

CA:

1. Streptococci spp.

2. Streptococcus pyogenes

MOT:

1. Person-to-person contact (especially when immunocompromised)

Pseudomonas

CA:

1. Pseudomonas aeruginosa

MOT:

1. Patient-to-patient contact

2. Contaminated water Patients or individuals with burns

Otitis Externa

CA:

1. Pseudomonas species

2. Staphylococcus aureus

3. Escherichia coli

4. Proteus vulgaris

MOT:

1. Reservoirs include contaminated swimming pool water.

2. Sometimes indigenous microbiota.

3. Articles are inserted into the ear canal to clean out debris and wax.

Otitis Media

CA:

1. Streptococcus pneumonia

2. Haemophilus influenzae

3. Moraxella catarrhalis

MOT:

1. Probably not communicable.

2. Direct bacterial invasion usually after sore throat

Neonatal Conjunctivitis

CA:

1. Neisseria gonorrhoeae (Gonococcal Conjunctivitis)

2. Chlamydia trachomatis (Inclusion/Chlamydial Conjunctivitis)

MOT:

1. Via contact with infected birth canal during delivery

Trachoma

CA:

1. Chlamydia trachomatis

MOT:

1. Direct contact with eye secretions

Strep Throat

CA:

1. Streptococcus pyogenes

MOT:

1. Person-to-person contact (nasal secretions)

2. Airborne

3. Contaminated milk or milk products associated with foodborne outbreaks of Streptococcal pharyngitis

Tuberculosis

CA:

1. Mycobacterium tuberculosis (fr. human)

2. Mycobacterium africanum (fr. human)

3. Mycobacterium bovis (fr. cattle)

MOT:

1. Airborne droplets

2. Infected Cattle (vector)

3. Ingestion of contaminated unpasteurized milk

4. Contact with contaminated utensils

5. Skin lesions (Rarely)

Pneumonia

CA:

1. Streptococcus pneumoniae

2. Staphylococcus aureus

3. Klebsiella pneumonia

4. Haemophilus influenzae

MOT:

1. Droplet inhalation from an infected person.

2. Indirect contact with fomites.

Psittacosis

CA:

1. Chlamydia psittaci (old name)

2. Chlamydophyla psittaci (new name)

MOT:

1. Inhaling dried secretions from infected bird (parrot)

2. Dried avian excrete is aerosolized and inhaled

3. No Human-to-Human transmission

Staphylococcal Food Poisoning (a.k.a. Staphylococcal Enterotoxicosis)

CA:

1. Staphylococcus aureus

MOT:

1. Food-borne transmission

Salmonellosis (a.k.a. Salmonella Gastroenteritis)

CA:

1. Salmonella typhimurium

2. Salmonella enteritidis

MOT:

1. Ingestion of contaminated foods

Typhoid Fever (a.k.a. Enteric Fever)

CA:

1. Salmonella typhi

MOT:

1. Ingestion of contaminated food and water

2. Vehicle of transmission: 5 Fs:

   1. Feces

   2. Food

   3. Flies

   4. Fomites

   5. Fingers

Cholera (El Tor)

CA: Vibrio cholerae MOT: fecal-oral route

Gastroenteritis

CA:

1. Escherichia coli

2. Campylobacter jejuni

3. Clostridium perfringes

MOT:

1. Ingestion of raw or contaminated food

Cystitis

CA: Escherichia coli MOT: Improper catheter placement

Gonorrhea

CA: Neisseria gonorrhoea MOT: Direct sexual contact

Syphilis

CA: Treponema pallidum

MOT: Direct contact during sexual intercourse

Chancroid

CA: Haemophilus ducreyi

MOT: Direct sexual contact

Septicemia - (a.k.a Blood poisoning)

CA:

1. Staphylococcus aureus

2. Streptococcus pneumonia

MOT: Spread of any infection to the bloodstream

Rheumatic Fever

CA: Streptococcus pyogenes MOT: Inadequately treated Group A hemolytic streptococcal (GAS) infection of the upper respiratory tract

Anthrax (a.k.a Woolsorter’s disease)

CA: Bacillus anthracis MOT: Direct contact

Lyme Disease (a.k.a Borreliosis or Bannwarth syndrome)

CA: Borrelia burgdorferi

MOT: Bite of an infected Ixodes tick

Botulism

CA: Clostridium botulinum MOT: Ingestion of neurotoxins