HOA 2

Land Ownership

Only 1 farm in 100 owned a tractor, and only 1 in 4 farms had a plough.

Concentration of Ploughs

Half of the ploughs in Brazil were concentrated in the state of Rio Grande do Sul.

Average Wages

The average monthly wage across all sectors in Brazil was $11.80.

Illiteracy Rate 1920

In 1920, 69.9% of Brazilians aged 15 and older were illiterate.

Illiteracy Rate 1940

By 1940, the illiteracy rate had fallen to 56.2%.

Internal Migration

A large number of rural Brazilians migrated to urban areas during the 1930s, leading to the rise of favelas.

Trade Unions 1944

By 1944, there were 800 government-sponsored unions with 500,000 members.

Strikes

Strikes were illegal, and a union tax of one day's pay was imposed on all workers starting in July 1940.

University Population Growth

The university population increased by 60% from 13,200 students in 1920 to 21,200 in 1940.

Free Secondary Schools

By the 1940s, Brazil had only 12 free secondary schools.

Primary School Attendance

Attendance at primary schools was compulsory, but the attendance rate was only 21% due to economic conditions.

Industrial Production vs

By 1938, the value of industrial production was twice that of agriculture, reaching over $1 billion.

Brazil’s Industrialization

By 1950, Brazil had become the most industrialized country in Latin America.

Industrial Growth

Between 1920 and 1940, Brazil’s industry expanded, significantly reducing its reliance on foreign imports.

Brazil in WWII

Brazil sent 25,000 troops and an air force to the Italian front in 1944.

Voting Reforms 1932

The 1932 electoral reforms introduced the secret ballot and gave the right to vote to women in paid work.

Young Population

Brazil’s annual birth rate was around 3%, indicating a youthful population.

Trade with Germany

By 1938, Germany had become a significant trading partner, doubling imports from Brazil, especially in cotton, coffee, and tobacco.