exam III- U.S History Part 1

The Great Depression

stock market crash 1929

The abrupt decline in stock prices in October 1929, leading to widespread economic distress and the Great Depression.

Herbert Hoover

The 31st President of the United States, marked by the start of the Great Depression and his initial response to the economic crisis. He didn’t want to give any relief to the people.

Iowa Republican

The political affiliation of Herbert Hoover.

Hoover’s Program

public works projects, provide emergency loans to businesses and states, and efforts to support local relief and private charity.

Hoovervilles

people were camping outside in tents because they lost their homes.

Bonus Army

A group of WWI vets marched on Washington to protest getting their money. Hoover sent the military on them which destroys his image. 

Dust Bowls

land was plied up to grow grains for soldiers in WWI, and the dry land + wind causes bad conditions for people to live in. can’t grow crops, can’t see, can’t breathe. 

John Steinbeck, “The Grapes of Wrath” (1939)

people willing to pick fruit for $ after Mexicans were asked to stop coming.

Thomas Wolfe, “Look Homeward, Angel” (1929)

how the great depression was affecting people in North Carolina.

William Faulkner, “The Sound and the Fury” (1929)

the disintegration of the Compson family, a once-prominent Southern household, through the perspectives of four characters.

Sanctuary (1931)

won a Pulitzer Prize

Franklin Delano (D.) Roosevelt

32nd president of the United States, great depression still happening.

New York Democrat

Franklin D. Roosevelt’s party affiliation.

New Deal

a bunch of programs to help get jobs through Relief, Recovery, and Reform.

Hundred Days 

3 months of implementing the new deal.

Agricultural Adjustment Act (AAA)

raise farm prices and reduce agricultural output (didn’t work).

Tennessee Valley Authority (TVA)

daming up rivers for electrical power and flood control.

Works Progress Administration (WPA)

most popular, largest agency set up to put people to work.

apart of WPA, Federal Writers’ Project

wrote about people’s life experiences.

apart of WPA, Federal Theater Project

promote culture.

apart of WPA, Federal Art Project

painted in local public buildings. 

Civilian Conservation Corps (CCC)

like a youth camp, 18-25, mostly men.

-given $25 per month, give $15 to parents. 

-put people to work like reforestation, building brides, building parks, gymnasiums, and basketball stadiums.

National Youth Administration (NYA)

16- college aged, cooking classes, sewing, clerking work. mostly women. 

John Maynard Keynes

established deficit spending aka, Keynesian approach.

The Great Depression

1929-1939

“Brain Trust”

group of expert advisors who provide advice on specific topics. 

Huey Long, “Share-Our-Wealth” 

extremist who said if you make at least $5 million you should be taxed 100% and 2k-3k should be given to the poor. 

Dr. Francis E. Townsend; Townsend Clubs; Townsend National Weekly

extremist who said monthly pensions should be given for people 60+, they had 30 days to spend it. He was killed tho.

National Labor Relations Act; Senator Robert Wagner; Wagner Act

people gave the right to form unions without retribution aka, getting fireddd.

Social Security Act

deduct $ from paycheck to put into old age pension fund (retirement fund), disability checks, widow w/ children check, unemployment insurance. 

Rural Electrification Administration (REA)

1950s, 10% of people use electrical power. Because of this it rose to 90% of people.

Federal Housing Administration

help people get a home who make under a certain amount of money or are first-time home buyers.

Fair Labor Standards Act

established minimum wage, overtime pay, child labor standards, and covers most private and public sector employees.

Indian Reorganization Act

saw how bad the Indians were struggling and restored their customs and traditions.

Mary McLeod Bethune; “Black Cabinet”

in the U.S government working alongside FDR, founded BCU.

Democratic Party

FDR (dem) helped black people so much, in 1936, they left the republican party #party switch.

communist

gained support during this period in response to capitalism.