events - politics of the late republic

70 BC - Verres case

Involved - cicero

Verres- governor of sicily ( 73 - 71 BC) - accused of corruption

Cicero - short opening speech - talking to the senate

Verres voluntarily into exile

• marked ciceros rise

70 BC - Pompey and crassus consuls

• restored tribune power

• eliminated sullas reforms

67 BC - Lex gabinia

• Pompey given imperium to clear the pirated from the Mediterranean sea

• given for 3 years

63 BC - Catiline conspiracy and ciceros consulship

• caroline plotted to overthrow the government

• cicero ordered executions for the conspirators without a trial

• used against him later

62 BC - Bon Dea

• Bon dea - annual festival in december, no male presence

• Clodius disguised himself as a women to gain entry but was discovered - fled

• Trial 61 BC - bribed - clodius wasnt guilty

• Cicero had to testify against clodius that he was in rome

• clodius never forgave cicero for his testimony

60 BC - first triumvirate

• crassus, pompey, caesar

• private political alliance

• shows weakness in senates authority and structure

59 BC - 58 BC

59 BC - Caesars first consulship

• pushed for land reform

58 BC - 50 BC - caesars command in gaul

• loyal army

• advantage for caesar , gained power

56BC - Conference of Luca

• renewed agreement for the triumvirate

• extended caesars command

• pompey and crassus as consuls

54 - 53 BC - Breakdown of the TRIUMVIRATE

• Death of Julia - 54 bc

• crassus defeat in carthage - 53 bc - loss of roman standards

• polarisation of caesar and pompey

• 52 bc - pompey sole consul

49 BC

Caesar crossed the rubicon river

• invaded italy with his army

48 BC - Battle of Pharsalus

• Caesar defeated Pompey

• Pompey fled to egypt where he was killed by the Egyptians

46 - 44 BC - Caesar as dictator

• reforms - calendar

• expansion of the senate - 600 to 900

• buildings - forum of caesar - 46 - 44BC

46 BC - catos suicide in utica

APRIL

• stabbed himself with a sword, but survived

• doctors tried to save him but he ripped his stitches out and died

• constitutional resistance

• stoicism

44 BC

ASSASSINATION OF CAESAR

• Ides of march - 15th of march

• brutus, cassius

• Mark anthony - caesars papers and money

APRIL 44BC - Octavian + Cicero

• arrives in rome

• Philippics - 44-43 bc - 14 speeches attacking antony

• cicero persuades the senate to grant octavian imperium

• BATTLE OF MUTINA 43BC - Antony defeated by octavian

43 bc

2nd Triumvirate

• lepidus, octavian, mark antony

• proscriptions - ciceros death DECEMBER 43BC