AP World History U4

Portugal

Went to Africa, India, and South and Southeast Asia

Impacted Persian Gulf trading post empire

Expanded trade between India and Europe

Spain

Went to the Philippines and the Americas

Led exploration and colonization of Americas

Linked Asia and Americas

France

Went to North America

Found fur

Technological Innovations

Magnetic Compass (China)

Astrolabe (Muslims)

Caravel (Portugal)

Cartography

New Rudders (China)

Lateen Sail (Arabic)

Columbian Exchange

Old World received: syphilis, turkey, llamas, alpacas, guinea pigs, potatoes, maize, tobacco, cacao, and peanuts

New World received: smallpox, measles, plague, influenza, horses, oxen, pigs, cattle, sheep, goats, rats, chickens, sugar, wheat, barley, okra, rice, oranges, grapes, lettuce, and coffee

Effects of the Columbian Exchange

The Old World

Spains economy inflated from gold causing their decline

Crops increased nutrition and therefore birth rates

Cash crops made lots of money

The New World

50+% of indigenous population died

Overgrazing and soil erosion

Forced labor

African Culture

Holland

Went to North America

Created New Amsterdam

Traded with Canada and Virginia

England

Went to North America

Became the most powerful navy

China

Went to India, Middle East, and Africa to spread Chinese culture

Zheng He

Decided to stop exploring

Ming Dynasty restricts trade

Great Wall reconstructed

Confucianism reemphasized

India

Britain, Portugal, and France fight over India until Britain kicked France out (7 years war)

Britain sets up trading posts on Coast

Britain used religious rivalries between Muslims and Hindus to increase control

Americas

Spanish arrive and kill everyone

New Spain established, Mexico City built

Spain conquers Americas east of Brazil and Portugal

Treaty of Tordesillas

British and French movie into North America

Encomienda System

Indigenous die, African slavery increases

Casta System

Africa

Portugal sets up trading posts, Britain follows in West Africa

Guns/cannons exchanged for slaves

Dahomey: Strong kingdom

Assante Empire and Kongo grow

Slaves sent to America through Middle Passage

African Diaspora

Japan

Restricts its trade with outside world
Bans and prosecutes Christian services

Kicks out foreigners

Trade mostly with Dutch and China

Indian Ocean Trade

Portugal takes control of trade

Little disruption