MICROBIOLOGY JERSEY COLLEGE MID TERM REVIEW

Janssen

In the 16th century a father-and-son team, by the name of _________________________, produced a compound microscope consisting of a simple tube with lenses at each end.

Antony van Leeuwenhoek

"Animalcules" were first described by:

Robert Hooke

Micrographia, a publication illustrating insects, sponges, as well as plant cells, was published by

Stereomicroscopes

Lower-power microscopes designed for observing fairly large objects such as insects or worms are

Phase-contrast microscope

The tool of choice to observe living microorganisms is the

Louis Pasteur

Which scientist is most responsible for ending the controversy about spontaneous generation?

3.5 to 4.0

Fossils of prokaryotes go back _______ billion years.

Fungi

Molds belong to which of the following groups of eukaryotic organisms?

Domain, kingdom, phylum, class, order, family, genus, species

The correct order of taxonomic categories is:

Biofilms

Complex communities of microorganisms on surfaces are called:

Commensalism

A relationship between organisms in which the waste product of one provides nutrients for another is called:

Blood

Which of the following sites of the human body does not have a normal flora?

Prions

Which of the following lack nucleic acids?

Linnaeus

The binominal system of nomenclature was originally developed by

Jenner

Which of the following scientists performed the first vaccination against smallpox?

Shigellosis

Which disease is generally caused by contaminated food?

Psittacosis

Which disease is transmitted via aerosols?

Propionibacterium shermanii

Which organism is used in the production of cheese?

Alexander Fleming

Which scientists discovered the antibiotic properties of Penicillium?

Protons

The atomic number equals the number of

Protons and Neutrons

The atomic weight is equal to the sum of

Atoms

The smallest units of matter are

Part of the atomic nucleus

Protons are

valence electrons

Particles of an atom located in the outermost shell and available for chemical bonding are called

The same numbers of protons but a different number of neutrons

Isotopes are atoms with

Nonpolar covalent bond

A chemical bond in which electrons are equally shared is a(n)

Ionic bond

The transfer of electrons in a chemical bond represents

Hydrogen bond

The bond of oxygen and hydrogen between water molecules is a(n)

One proton and one neutron

The isotope deuterium has

8

After filling the first shell, the outermost shell of an atom can hold up to ______ electrons.

Ionic bond

The bond between sodium and chlorine atoms in sodium chloride is a(n)

Glucose and fructose

Sucrose is composed of

Monosaccharides

The unit molecules (monomers) of carbohydrates are

Peptide bond

The bond between amino acids is a(n)

Monosaccharides

Glucose and fructose are examples of

Maltose

Two glucose molecules form

polysaccharide

Starch is an example of a

Guanine

Cytosine always undergoes complementary base pairing with

Uracil

The RNA nucleotide base that pairs with adenine of DNA is

Glycocalyx

Matrix formed outside the plasma membrane is referred to as

Chloroplasts

The cell organelles found only in algae and plant cells are

Cell wall

Peptidoglycan is typically found in the

Fungi

Chitin is a component of the cell wall of

Monotrichous

Bacteria that have a single polar flagellum at one end are referred to as

Peritrichous

Bacteria that have flagella that are distributed over the general cell surface are referred to as

Fimbriae

Pili are also called

Cilia

The structures that can move fluid, mucus, or cells over the surface of a cell are

Cytosol

The fluidlike portion of a cell is referred to as

Microtubules

Which of the following structures is shaped like a hollow cylinder made out of tubulin proteins?

Golgi complex

The cell organelle responsible for the packaging of proteins is the

Lysosomes

Which cell organelles contain digestive enzymes?

Peroxisomes

Which organelles contain oxidative enzymes capable of oxidizing toxic substances?

Chloroplasts

Stroma is a component of

Streptococcus pyogenes

Which organisms produces toxins that target cholesterol?

Pinocytosis

An active transport mechanism

Osmosis

A transport mechanism that transports water across the plasma membrane?

Filtration

The movement of molecules through a membrane from an area of high hydrostatic pressure to an area of lower hydrostatic pressure is

Proteins

Chemically, most enzymes are

2

The net gain of ATP molecules after the breakdown of one glucose molecule in glycolysis is

Acetyl-CoA

The compound that enters the Krebs cycle and combines with oxaloacetic acid is

tRNA

The anticodons are located in

Anaphase

In which phase of mitosis do the chromatids separate?

U.S. Department of Labor

OSHA is a divison of the

1971

OSHA was established

Bacteria

The most commonly acquired laboratory infections are caused by

CDC

Hand-washing guidelines have been established by

OSHA

A blood-borne training program for certain professions was established by and is required

4

There are ___levels of biosafety depending on the organisms handled.

1

The biosafety level necessary in water testing facilities is level

Salmonella

Which bacteria should be handled in a Biosafety Level 2 facility?

RG2

Agents associated with human disease but generally not a serious health risk, are classified in which of the following risk groups?

BSL4

Ebola viruses need to be handled in which of the following biosafety levels?

RTECS number

A unique number that aids in finding additional toxicological information about a specific substance is the

Type D

Fires from flammable metals require type ________fire extinguishers.

Type A

Fires from combustibles such as wood require type____________ fire extinguishers.

General-purpose hoods

Bypass fume hoods belong to the group of

Personal eyewash

Which eyewash/safety showers should be used for immediate flushing only, until the victim reaches another safety unit?

-85

Ultralow freezers can freeze down to ______ "C.

Hepatitis A

Bloodborne pathogen not found in health care setting?

Bacilli

Rod-shaped bacteria, some of which are endospore forming, are referred to as

Streptococci

Beadlike chains of cocci formed after cell division along a single axis are called

Spirochete

The causative agent for Lyme disease is a

Microaerophiles

Bacteria that use oxygen, but only at low concentration, are classified as

Chemoheterotrophs

Bacteria that use organic compounds as the source of both carbon and energy are referred to as

Cyrophiles

Psychrophiles are also referred to as

Helicobater pylori

Which organism is a common cause of peptic ulcers?

Spirochetes

Treponema pallidum and Borrelia burgdorferi belong to the group of

Gram negative aerobic rods and cocci

Legionella and Neisseria are examples of:

Gram-positive cocci

Staphylococci and streptococci are best classified in this group

Rickettsia

a host-dependent bacterium

Mutualism

A relationship in which two organisms benefit is referred to as___________.

Prions

The proteins implicated in spongiform encephalopathy are ____________.

Bioremediation

The cleanup of various industrial wastes by living organisms is referred to as ____________________.

Ocular

In a compound light microscope the lens closest to the eye is the ____________lens.

400

The total mangification of an object viewed with a compound microscope with an ocular lens of x10 and an objective lens of x40 is x___________

Abiogenesis

Another term for spontaneous generation

Biofilms

Microorganisms of various species are often organized into complex communities on a surface and are called

Prokaryotic

All bacteria are ______________________ cells.

Eukaryotic

Cells that contain a nucleus are _____________ cells.

Bergey's Manual of Systematic Bacteriology

The taxonomic resource for bacteria is