Lecture 2: Pathology of the Peritoneum & abdominal wall

What does fast stand for in sonography?

Focused assessment with sonography in trauma

Where is this image showing fluid?

In the hepatorenal space (Morrison’s pouch)

This is an image of:

Simple ascities with small bowel floating freely in the ocean

What kind of ascites is shown in this image?

Complex ascites

How can free fluid be differentiated from a cystic mass?

Free fluid will follow the contour of the peritoneal organs and cystic masses will demonstrate a mass effect (push on the surrounding tissue)

Define acites

Free fluid found in the peritoneal cavity

Transduative ascites will…

lack cellular debris in the fluid and have a simple appearance

Exudative ascites will…

contain cellular debris and results in more complex and echogenic appearance

True or false: Exudative ascites is shown in this image

False; the fluid is anechoic, transudative ascites

What type of ascites is shown in this image?

Exudative; fluid is speckled

What is the most common space for a peritoneal abscess?

Right subphrenic space

Hemoperitoneum means

bleeding into the peritoneum

Iatrogenically induced means

trauma due to medical procedure

What is a hematoma?

A blood clot occurring as a post surgical complication

Large hematomas ___________ in hematocrit levels

decrease

A common spot for herniations

Inguinal canal

A thin fibrous line that runs vertically down the midline of the abdomen

Linea alba

A dirty shadow is associated with an _______ filled abscess

air

What are the two main categories of abdominal wall hernias?

1. ventral: anterior abdominal wall

2. Groin: indirect inguinal, direct inguinal, femoral

Primary _________ hernais (spontaneous) account for 75% of the repaired ventral hernias in the US

ventral

A non cancerous growth that occurs in the connective tissue is called?

Desmoid tumor

How many layers make up the bowel wall and how many are echogenic?

made up of 5 walls

• 3 are echogenic

What is the arrow pointing to posterior to the left liver and anterior to the abdominal aorta?

Esophagogatric junction

If the stomach is not distended, bowel wall should measure 4 to 5mm and when stomach is distended bowel wall should measure ___ to ____mm

2 to 4