AP Human Geo Unit 2 vocab list 1 - Population

Ecumene

Land that is permanently populated by human society or industrial and agricultural land that is permanently used to sustain the human population

Fertility rate

The average number of children born to a woman in a given region during the course of her lifetime

Agricultural revolution

The slow change from hunter and gatherer societies to more agriculturally based ones through the gradual understanding of seeds, watering, and plant care

Hearth

The region from which innovative ideas originate

Crude birth rate (CBR)

Indicates the number of live births occurring during a year per every 1,000 people

Crude death rate (CDR)

The number of deaths in a population per 1,000 individuals in a given year

Natural increase rate (NIR)

The rate at which a population grows, excluding migration. It is calculated by subtracting the death rate from the birth rate

Doubling time

The time it takes for a population to double in size based on its current growth rate

Life expectancy

Refers to the average number of years a person is expected to live

Industrial Revolution

A period of rapid industrialization and technological advancements that occurred in the 18th and 19th centuries, leading to the transformation of economies from agrarian to industrial. It resulted in the development of factories, mass production, and the growth of urban areas

Arithmetic density

Arithmetic density is a population measurement that calculates the average number of people per unit of land area. It helps to understand the population distribution and overcrowding in a specific region. To calculate it, divide the total population by the total land area.

Demographic transition

The process of change in a society's population from high birth and death rates to low birth and death rates, typically accompanied by economic and social development.

Distance decay

The concept that the interaction between two places decreases as the distance between them increases.

Infant Mortality Rate (IMR)

The number of deaths of infants under one year old per 1,000 live births in a given population within a specific time period.

Agricultural density

The number of farmers per unit of arable land. It measures the efficiency of agricultural practices and the level of development in a region. It is calculated by dividing the number of farmers by arable land.

Medical revolution

The period of rapid advancements in medical knowledge, technology, and practices, leading to significant improvements in healthcare and increased life expectancy.

Dependency ratio

Refers to the proportion of dependents (children and elderly) to the working-age population. It helps measure the economic burden and support needs of non-working individuals in a society.

Zero population growth

When a population's birth rate equals its death rate, it results in no net increase or decrease in the population size over time.

Thomas Malthus

An economist who proposed the theory of population growth. Believed that population would outpace food production, leading to famine and social unrest.

Carrying capacity

The maximum number of individuals that an environment can sustainably support is known as carrying capacity.

Population pyramid

A graphical illustration of the distribution of a population by age group and sex.

Neo-Malthusians

Defined as fear that a large population size could lead to a humanitarian and ecological disaster and that combating so‐​called overpopulation is thus an urgent problem

Sex ratio

The ratio of female to males in a population

Density

The number of people who live in a defined land area (usually square miles or square kilometers).