Kohlberg's Theory of Moral Development

Flashcards covering key concepts, theories, and critiques from Kohlberg's theory of moral development.

Moral Development

The process by which individuals develop thoughts, feelings, and behaviors regarding standards of right and wrong.

Kohlberg's Theory

A theory of moral reasoning that outlines the stages of moral development.

Piaget’s Cognitive-Developmental Theory

A foundational theory stating that children become more sophisticated in social thinking through peer interactions.

Egocentrism

A limitation in young children’s thinking where they have difficulty seeing situations from perspectives other than their own.

Moral Dilemmas

Scenarios where characters face moral conflicts that challenge their moral reasoning.

Heinz Dilemma

A moral dilemma posed by Kohlberg: Should Heinz steal medicine to save his wife’s life?

Preconventional Morality

The lowest level of moral reasoning, where good and bad are interpreted in terms of external rewards and punishments.

Punishment Orientation

Stage 1 of preconventional morality where actions are considered 'moral' if they avoid punishment.

Rewards Orientation

Stage 2 of preconventional morality focused on gaining rewards, where actions are considered 'moral' if rewards outweigh punishments.

Conventional Level

The level of moral reasoning where individuals apply standards set by others, such as parents or societal norms.

Social Approval

Stage 3 where moral judgments are based on gaining others' approval and maintaining relationships.

Social Systems Morality

Stage 4 where moral judgments are made based on social order, law, and duty.

Postconventional Level

The highest level of moral reasoning where individuals recognize and explore alternative moral paths based on personal moral codes.

Social Contract and Individual Rights

Stage 5 where moral reasoning acknowledges that rights and principles can transcend laws.

Universal Ethical Principles

Stage 6 where moral judgments are based on universal human rights and personal conscience.

Culture Bias

Critique of Kohlberg's theory suggesting it may not encompass higher levels of moral reasoning found in certain cultures.

Gender Bias

Critique suggesting differences in moral thinking between genders; female morality is often associated with care, while male morality aligns with justice.