MMAE350 - Materials Science Study Guide - Test 01

These flashcards cover key vocabulary and concepts from the lecture notes for the MMAE350 Materials Science exam.

Atomic Number (Z)

The number of protons within the atomic nucleus of a chemical element.

Isotope

Atoms of the same element that have different atomic masses.

Atomic Weight (A)

The weighted average of the atomic masses of an atom's naturally occurring isotopes.

Mole

The quantity of a substance corresponding to 6.022 × 10²³ atoms or molecules.

Quantum Mechanics

A branch of physics that deals with atomic and subatomic systems; allows only discrete values of energy.

Bohr Atomic Model

An early atomic model where electrons revolve around the nucleus in discrete orbitals.

Wave Mechanical Model

An atomic model treating electrons as being wavelike.

Electron Configuration

The manner in which possible electron states are filled with electrons in an atom.

Primary Bonds

Strong interatomic bonds which include ionic, covalent, and metallic types.

Ionic Bond

A coulombic bond between oppositely charged ions.

Covalent Bond

A bond formed by the sharing of electrons between neighboring atoms.

Metallic Bond

An interatomic bond involving nondirectional sharing of nonlocalized valence electrons.

Vacancy

A normally occupied lattice site from which an atom or ion is missing.

Alloy

A metallic substance composed of two or more elements.

Diffusion

Mass transport by atomic motion.

Engineering Stress

The instantaneous load applied to a specimen divided by its original cross-sectional area.

Yield Strength

The stress required to produce a specified amount of plastic strain.

Ductility

A measure of a material's ability to undergo plastic deformation before fracture.

Fick's First Law of Diffusion

The relationship stating that diffusion flux is proportional to the concentration gradient.

Tensile Strength

The maximum engineering stress that may be sustained without fracture.

Modulus of Resilience

The capacity of a material to absorb energy when it is elastically deformed.

Hardness

The measure of a material's resistance to deformation by surface indentation or abrasion.

True Stress

The instantaneous applied load divided by the instantaneous cross-sectional area of a specimen.