DC Biology-Simple Inheritance Quiz (5.1-5.2)

Modern genetics began with who?

Gregor Mendel

Mendel documented the inheritance of…

Peas

What are the two theories of inheritance?

1. Blending theory

2. Particulate theory

Blending theory:

Offspring are a straight mix

Particulate theory:

Traits are inherited as particles; offspring receive a piece from each parent, some pieces hide others

Mendel work showed the ____________ theory wrong

Blending

Ovists:

Thought an egg was important; male was fertilization agent

Spermists:

Thought the sperm was important; egg was growing agent

Generations of Mendel’s peas:

P→F1→F2

For the F2 plants, he allowed them to ___________

Self-polinate

Alleles:

Different versions of gene at same location on homologous chromosomes

Alleles vary in the sequence of ____________ at the specific _______ of a gene

Nucleotides; locus

Diploid organism inherits….

Two alleles, one from each parent

Dominant alleles have a __________, allowing them to mask other alleles

Functional protiens

Recessive alleles have a __________, allowing them to be masked by other alleles

Malfunctioning protien

Homozygous:

Same alleles (PP, pp)

Heterozygous:

Different alleles (Pp)

Two organisms can have the same ___________ but have different _________

Phenotype; genotype

Test cross:

Breed the dominant phenotype with a homozygous recessive to determine identify of unknown allele

Mendel 1st law of heredity:

Law of segregation

Law of segregation:

During meiosis, alleles (homologous chromosomes) segregate

Which stage of meiosis creates the law of segregation?

Metaphase 1

Monohybrid cross:

Organism follows the inheritance of a single character (flower color OR seed color)

Dihybrid cross:

Organism follows inheritance of two different characters (seed color AND seed shape)

Mendel 2nd law of heredity:

Law of independent assortment

Law of independent assortment:

Different loci (genes) separate into gametes independently

Which stage of meiosis creates the law of independent assortment?

Metaphase 1

What is the exception for the law of independent assortment?

If genes are on the same chromosome and close together (linked)

The chromosomal basis of Mendels laws trace the genetic events through…

Meiosis, gamete formation, fertilization to offspring

Law of segregation=________ cross

Monohybrid

Law of independent assortment=________ cross

Dihybrid

Why are pea plants good for genetic research?

Many varieties, distinct features, simple genetically

Alleles separate…

Randomly

Multiplication rule:

Determines the probability of two or more independent events

Addition rule:

To figure out the probability of an offspring being heterozygous

Addition rule: events are…

Mutually exclusive

You can apply the multiplicative rule to the dihybrid __:__:__:__ cross

9:3:3:1

Chi-squared is a form of analysis used to compare the __________ results with the ___________ results to determine whether the results are ____________________

Observed (actual); expected; statistically signifigant