Med Term Exam 5 Vocab/Abbreviations

accommodation

Normal adjustment of the eye to focus on objects from far to near

anterior chamber

The area behind the cornea and in front of the lens and iris

aqueous humor

Fluid produced by the ciliary body and found in anterior chamber

biconvex

Consisting of two surfaces that are rounded, elevated, and curved evenly; lens of the eye is biconvex

choroid

Middle, vascular layer of the eye, between the retina and the sclera

ciliary body

Structure surrounding the lens that connects the choroid and iris; controls shape of lens and secretes aqueous humor

cone

Photoreceptor cell in the retina responsible for color and central vision

conjunctiva

Delicate membrane that lines the undersurface of eyelids and covers anterior eyeball

cornea

Fibrous transparent layer over the anterior portion of the eyeball

fovea centralis

Tiny depression in the retina that is the region of clearest vision

fundus of the eye

Posterior, inner part of the eye

iris

Pigmented layer that controls the amount of light entering the eye

lens

Transparent, biconvex body behind the pupil

macula

Yellowish region on the retina near the optic disc

optic chiasm

Point where optic nerve fibers cross in the brain

optic disc

Area where optic nerve meets retina; blind spot

optic nerve

Cranial nerve carrying visual impulses to the brain

pupil

Central opening of the eye through which light passes

refraction

Bending of light rays to focus on the retina

retina

Light-sensitive layer containing photoreceptors

rod

Photoreceptor for dim light and peripheral vision

sclera

Tough, white outer coat of the eyeball

thalamus

Relay center of the brain

vitreous humor

Jelly-like material behind the lens

auditory canal

Channel leading from the pinna to the eardrum

auditory meatus

Auditory canal

auditory nerve fibers

Carry impulses from inner ear to brain

auditory tube

Channel between middle ear and nasopharynx; Eustachian tube

auricle

Flap of the ear; pinna

cerumen

Waxy substance secreted by the ear (earwax)

cochlea

Snail-shaped tube in inner ear

endolymph

Fluid within the inner ear labyrinth

eustachian tube

Auditory tube connecting middle ear to throat

incus

Second ossicle of the middle ear

labyrinth

Maze-like system of inner ear canals

malleus

First ossicle of the middle ear

organ of Corti

Auditory receptor structure in cochlea

ossicle

Small bone of the ear

oval window

Membrane between middle and inner ear

perilymph

Fluid in the inner ear labyrinth

pinna

External flap of the ear

semicircular canals

Structures for balance and equilibrium

stapes

Third ossicle of the middle ear

tympanic membrane

Eardrum; membrane between outer and middle ear

vestibule

Central cavity of inner ear

adrenal cortex

Outer section of adrenal gland; secretes cortisol, aldosterone, and sex hormones

adrenal medulla

Inner section of adrenal gland; secretes epinephrine and norepinephrine

ovaries

Female glands producing eggs and hormones

pancreas

Organ behind stomach with endocrine and exocrine functions

parathyroid glands

Four glands on posterior thyroid

pituitary gland (hypophysis)

Gland at base of brain controlling other endocrine glands

testes

Male glands producing sperm and testosterone

thyroid gland

Gland in neck producing thyroid hormones

adrenaline (epinephrine)

Hormone increasing heart rate and blood pressure

adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH)

Stimulates adrenal cortex

aldosterone

Increases sodium reabsorption

androgen

Male sex hormone

antidiuretic hormone (ADH)

Increases water reabsorption by kidneys

calcitonin

Decreases blood calcium levels

cortisol

Increases blood sugar

epinephrine

Increases heart rate and blood pressure

estradiol

Type of estrogen

estrogen

Female sex hormone

follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH)

Stimulates egg and sperm production

glucagon

Increases blood glucose

growth hormone (GH)

Stimulates body growth

insulin

Promotes glucose uptake and storage

luteinizing hormone (LH)

Triggers ovulation and testosterone secretion

norepinephrine

Increases blood pressure

oxytocin

Stimulates uterine contractions

parathormone (PTH)

Increases blood calcium

progesterone

Prepares uterus for pregnancy

prolactin (PRL)

Promotes milk production

somatotropin (STH)

Growth hormone

testosterone

Male sex hormone

thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH)

Stimulates thyroid gland

thyroxine (T4)

Increases metabolism

triiodothyronine (T3)

Increases metabolism

vasopressin

Antidiuretic hormone; increases water retention

catecholamines

Hormones from adrenal medulla derived from amino acids

corticosteroids

Hormones from adrenal cortex

electrolyte

Mineral salt in body fluids

glucocorticoid

Hormone regulating metabolism

homeostasis

Maintaining stable internal environment

hormone

Chemical messenger secreted by glands

hypothalamus

Brain region controlling pituitary gland

mineralocorticoid

Hormone regulating electrolytes and water balance

receptor

Protein that binds hormones

sella turcica

Skull cavity holding pituitary gland

sex hormones

Hormones affecting sexual characteristics

steroid

Fat-based hormone structure

sympathomimetic

Mimics sympathetic nervous system effects

target tissue

Tissue affected by hormones

ALT

Argon laser trabeculoplasty

AMD

Age-related macular degeneration

HEENT

Head, eyes, ears, nose, and throat

IOL

Intraocular lens

IOP

Intraocular pressure

LASER

Light amplification by stimulated emission of radiation

LASIK

Laser in situ keratomileusis