Period 1 IDS - APUSH

APUSH

Period 1

The time before and during early European exploration and colonization of the Americas (1491-1607).

Southwest Settlements

Notable for complex societies and irrigation systems.

Northwest Settlements

Known for fishing and totem poles; rich in natural resources.

Great Plains

Primarily nomadic tribes that relied on buffalo hunting.

Midwest Settlements

Included mound-building cultures like the Adena-Hopewell.

Northeast Settlements

Home to tribes such as the Iroquois Confederacy, known for longhouses and agriculture.

Southeast Settlements

Agricultural societies focused on maize and other crops.

Columbian Exchange

Exchange of goods, ideas, and diseases between the Old World and the New World (early 1500s to early 1800s).

Encomienda System

A labor system rewarding Spanish colonists with the labor of indigenous people (1503-1542).

Mercantilism

Economic theory that trade generates wealth, leading to colonial expansion (1500s-early 1800s).

Triangular Trade

Trade system between Europe, Africa, and the Americas involving slaves, raw materials, and manufactured goods (1500s-1800s).

Middle Passage

The sea route taken by slave ships from West Africa to the Americas (1500s-1800s).

Corn/Maize

A staple crop significant to the diet in the Americas.

Three Sisters Farming

Agricultural technique involving planting corn, beans, and squash together for mutual benefits.

Beringia

Land bridge connecting Asia and North America, facilitating migration.

Adena-Hopewell

Known for earthworks and burial mounds in the Midwest.

Anasazi Pueblos

Cliff dwellers in the Southwest known for advanced architecture.

Lakota Sioux

Nomadic tribe of the Great Plains known for their horse culture.

Mayans, Incas, Aztecs

Advanced civilizations in Mesoamerica with achievements in agriculture, architecture, and governance.

Conquistadors

Spanish explorers and conquerors seeking wealth and territory.

Christopher Columbus

Credited with the European discovery of the Americas in 1492.

Ferdinand and Isabella

Spanish monarchs who sponsored Columbus's voyages.

Henry the Navigator

Portuguese prince who promoted exploration.

Treaty of Tordesillas

Agreement dividing newly discovered lands between Spain and Portugal.

Nation-State

Emergence of centralized governments in Europe seeking territorial expansion.

Iroquois Confederacy

Political alliance of several tribes in the Northeast known for democratic governance.

Feudalism

Social system in medieval Europe influencing early colonial structures.

Capitalism

Economic system that emerged in Europe, driving exploration and colonization.

Casta System

Social hierarchy in Spanish colonies based on race and ethnicity.

Valladolid Debate

Discussion on the treatment of indigenous peoples and the morality of colonization.

Bartolomé de Las Casas

Advocate for the rights of indigenous peoples.

Juan Gines de Sepulveda

Opponent of Las Casas, argued for the justification of conquest.

Compass

Instrument that improved navigation during the Age of Exploration.

Caravel

A type of ship that allowed for longer voyages and exploration.

Matrilineal Societies

Societies where lineage and inheritance are traced through the mother.

Fur Trade

Economic activity involving the exchange of fur, particularly by French coureurs de bois with Native Americans.