ap bio scientist - NS

carolus linnaeus

founder of taxonomy; grouped organisms into cateories based on morphological similarities; believed it was God’s doing

georges cuvier

developer of paleontology; believe dthat the deeper the fossils were found within layers of strata, the more different the fossils are; thus determining evolution through the changes in fossils; believed in catastrophism—> each layer of strata represented a new catastrophic event

James Hutton(about earth, less about organisms)

believed in gradualism, large changes take place through cumulative efefect of slow but continuous process; earth is changing by mechanisms working all the time; example, vallyers being formed by rivers

Charle lyell(about earth)

believed in the concept uniformitarianism; that gradulaism has been working at the same rate since forveer - “present is the key to the past”

james baptist de lamarck(what were his two principles?)

first to publish a theory of evolution, but his mechanisms were wrong, studied the fossil record nad the organism’s adaptions to their environment;his two principles:

1. use and disuse; body parts that are frequently used naturally become stringer and more developed; those that are not become weak and eventually disapper

2. inheritance of acquired characteristics: traits that an organism develops over a lifetime, can be passed down to offspring

afred russel wallace

naturalist; come up with a theroy of evolution based on natural selection similar to darwin; pulbished his ideas first b/c darwin did not want to; allowed darwin all the credit tho

charles darwin

published the origin of species by means of natural selection;

1. there is evidnec that many organisms lviing in earth are descdeants of ancestral species with differences

2. differences casued by NATURAL SELECTION