Lesson 4 Carbohydrates and Nucleic Acids

What are functional groups

they are small clusters of atoms that give biological molecules their identity and behavior.

They have the responsibility of forming and braking down bonds, interactions with water, and chemical reactivity. They are found in the 4 macromolecules.

What are the 10 functional groups

Hydroxyl, Esther, Ketone, Aldehyde, Carboxyl, Amino, Ester, Sulfhydryl, Phosphate, Methyl

How do functional groups interact with other functional groups

with hydrogen bonds

What is the structure style, function, and common context of Hydroxyl?

-OH, polar and form Hydrogen bonds, Alcohols and sugars

What is the structure style, function, and common context of Ether?

-O-, links sugar units, disaccharide, only see in bacteria

What is the structure style, function, and common context of Ketone?

C=O(internal), reactive to carbonyl, sugars

What is the structure style, function, and common context of Aldehyde?

-CHO(terminal), reactive to carbonyl, sugars

What is the structure style, function, and common context of Carboxyl?

-COOH, acidic and donates a H+, amino acids and fatty acids

What is the structure style, function, and common context of Amino?

-NH2, basic and needs a H+, amino acids

What is the structure style, function, and common context of Ester?

-COOR, hydrophobic linkage, fats and waxes

What is the structure style, function, and common context of Sulfhydryl?

-SH, forms disulfide bridges, protein folding

What is the structure style, function, and common context of Phosphate?

-PO4, high energy with a negative charge, ATP and nucleotide and phospholipids

What is the structure style, function, and common context of Methyl?

-CH3, hydrophobic and non polar, lipids and gene regulation