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4.5.3 Forces and elasticity
4.5.3 Forces and elasticity
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16 Terms
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1
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what occurs when applying a force to an object
may cause it to stretch, compress, bend
2
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forces in elastic materials
will always return ti original length or shape if forces acting on them are taken away
3
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why do we need to apply more than one force
so the objects stay still, otherwise they will move when pulled or pushed
if one force applied- forces are not balanced so objects will move instead of changing shape
4
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forces when squishing
2 forces
you apply a force
floor apply upward force
5
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deformed
object changing shape
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types of deformation
elastic- returns original shape
inelastic/ plastic - does not quite return to normal shape
7
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extention
increase in length of a spring when it is stretched
natural length of a spring I shorter as the downward force of weight is added
8
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why does the spring not fall down when mass added
solid support exerts an equal but opposite force upward
which is why the spring Dosent fall down when adding mass
it is being perfectly balanced by the support
9
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relationship between mass and extension
increasing mass/ force added proportional increases the extension
F∞e
10
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what is the length of extension dependent on
the particular objects spring constant- tells us how many newtons it would the to stretch the object by 1m
higher spring constant means stiffer material as it requires more force to extend it
11
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elasticity equation (force, spring constant, extension )
F=ke
force, *F*, in newtons, N \n spring constant, *k*, in newtons per metre, N/m
extension/ compression, *e*, in metres, m
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spring constant
specific to the object
measure of how firm or elastic the object is
lower spring constant means object is more elastic ∴ easier to stretch
higher spring constant means object is more stiff
13
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elasticity equation (energy)
Ee = ½ke²
* calculate work done in stretching (or compressing) a spring (up to the limit of proportionality) using the equation:
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Hookes law
force and extension are directly proportional
all the deformation will be elastic deformation as the force returns to its original shape
on graph straight part of the line is the spring constant
area under curve= energy transferred to the spring Ee
15
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elastic limit
limit of proportionality- graph will start to curve
hookes law no longer applies and the object won’t return to original shape- inelastically deformed
there is lots of extension not a lot of force
16
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what does it mean if graph is just linear
the material is brittle, so snaps instead of stretches after elastic limit