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Natural Penicillins
Penicillin G
Penicillin G coverage
other strep
E. faecalis
oral anaerobes
aminopenicillins
ampicillin
amoxicillin
augmentin
Unasyn
Ampicillin and Amoxicillin coverage
other strep
E. faecalis
respiratory gram negatives (CA)
oral anaerobes
listeria monocytogenes, N. meningitidis
Augmentin coverage
other strep
MSSA/MSSE
E. faecalis
gram negatives (CA)
anaerobes
listeria monocytogenes, N. meningitidis, Neisseria gonorrhoeae
Unasyn coverage
other strep
MSSA/MSSE
E. faecalis
gram negatives (CA)
anaerobes
listeria monocytogenes, N. meningitidis, Neisseria gonorrhoeae, acinetobacter
Anti-staph (penicillinase-resistant) penicillins
nafcillin
dicloxacillin
Nafcillin coverage
S. pneumo
other strep
MSSA/MSSE
Hepatic Elimination
Dicloxacillin coverage
S. pneumo
other strep
MSSA/MSSE
Extended Spectrum (anti-pseudomonal) penicillins
Zosyn
Zosyn Coverage
S. pneumo
other strep
MSSA/MSSE
E. faecalis
gram negatives (CA, HA)
Anaerobes
Clostridium species (not diff.)
Carbapenems
doripenem
ertapenem
imipenem-cilastatin
meropenem
vabomere
Doripenem coverage
S. pneumo
other strep
MSSA/MSSE
gram negs. (CA, HA)
Anaerobes
Ertapenem coverage
S. pneumo
other strep
MSSA/MSSE
gram negs. (CA)
Anaerobes
NOT pseudomonas
acinetobacter
imipenen-cilastatin coverage
S. pneumo
other strep
MSSA/MSSE
gram negs. (CA, HA)
Anaerobes
norcardia, acinetobacter
meropenem coverage
S. pneumo
other strep
MSSA/MSSE
gram negs. (CA, HA)
Anaerobes
L. monocytogenes, norcardia, acinetobacter
vabomere coverage
S. pneumo
other strep
MSSA/MSSE
gram negs. (CA, HA)
Anaerobes
L. monocytogenes, nocardia, acinetobacter (ESBL coverage + KPC strains)
Monobactams
aztreonam
Aztreonam coverage
gram negs (CA, HA)
use against carbapenemase-producing organisms
Aminoglycosides
gentamicin
tobramycin
amikacin
Gentamicin coverage
gram neg. (CA)
F. tularensis
least pseudomonas/ acinetobacter coverage
Tobracymin coverage
gram negs. (CA, HA)
Amikacin coverage
gram negs. (CA, HA)
BEST pseudomonas/ acinetobacter coverage
1st Gen. Cephalosporins
cefazolin
cephalexin
Cefazolin and Cephalexin coverage
other strep
MSSA/MSSE
respiratory gram negs. (CA)
oral anaerobes
mainly respiratory gram neg + some E. coli
PEK (P. mirabilis, E. coli, K. pneumoniae)
2nd Gen. Cephalosporins
cefotetan disodium
cefuroxime
Cefotetan disodium coverage
other strep
MSSA/MSSE
gram neg. (CA)
anaerobes
± B. frag.
Cefuroxime coverage
other strep
MSSA/ MSSE
gram neg. (CA)
oral anaerobes
3rd Gen Cephalosporins
Cefotaxime
Ceftazidime
Ceftazidime/ Avibactam
Ceftriaxone
Ceftolozane/Tazobactam
Cefdinir
Cefixime
Cefotaxime coverage
S. pneumo
other strep
MSSA/MSSE
gram negs. (CA)
oral anaerobes
Neisseria meningitidis
Ceftazidime coverage
other strep
gram negs. (CA, HA)
oral anaerobes
anti-pseudomonal Ceph
Ceftazidime/ Avibactam coverage
other strep
gram negs. (CA, HA)
oral anaerobes
intra-abdominal and UTIs (ESBL coverage + KPC strains)
Ceftriaxone coverage
S. pneumo
other strep
MSSA/ MSSE
gram neg. (CA)
oral anaerobes
neisseria meningitidis/ gonorrhea
Hepatic elimination
Ceftolozane/ Tazobactam coverage
S. pneumo
other strep
gram negs. (CA, HA)
anaerobes
intra-abdominal and UTIs (ESBL coverage)
Cefdinir coverage
other strep
MSSA/ MSSE
gram neg. (CA)
oral anaerobes
neisseria gonorrhea
cefixime coverage
other strep
gram neg. (CA)
oral anaerobes
neisseria gonorrhea
4th Gen. Cephalosporins
cefepime
Cefepime coverage
S. pneumo
other strep
MSSA/ MSSE
gram neg. (CA, HA)
oral anaerobes
MOST resistant to carbapenemases; Anti-pseudomonal ceph
5th Gen. Cephalosporins
Ceftaroline fosamil
Ceftaroline fosamil coverage
S. pneumo
other strep
MSSA/ MSSE
MRSA-CA
MRSA-HA
Gram neg. (CA)
ONLY MRSA cephalosporin
Fluoroquinolones
ciprofloxacin
levofloxacin
moxifloxacin
Ciprofloxacin coverage
gram negs. (CA, HA)
atypicals
anthrax
BEST pseudomonal coverage in class
some ESBL coverage
Levofloxacin coverage
S. pneumo
other strep
E. faecalis
gram negs. (CA, HA)
atypicals
oral anaerobes
Listeria
Moxifloxacin coverage
S. pneumo
other strep
E. faecalis
gram neg. (CA)
atypicals
anaerobes
Listeria
Hepatic elimination
Macrolides
Azithromycin
Azithromycin coverage
other strep
respiratory gram neg. (CA)
atypicals
M. avium
C. trachomatis
M. genitalium
Gonococcus
Listeria
C. jejuni
No renal adjustment
Tetracyclines
doxycycline
minocycline
Doxycycline coverage
MSSA/ MSSE
MRSA-CA
gram neg. (CA)
atypicals
oral anaerobes
borrelia
brucellosis
Yersinia
tularemia
Vibrio
Rickettsia
Anthrax
No renal adjustments
Minocycline coverage
other strep
MSSA/ MSSE
MRSA-CA
gram neg. (CA)
atypicals
oral anaerobes
rickettsia (lyme)
nocardia
listeria
No renal adjustments
Glycylcyclines
Tigecycline
Tigecycline coverage
S. pneumo
other strep
MSSA/ MSSE
MRSA- CA
MRSA- HA
E. faecalis
gram negs. (CA, HA)
atypicals
anaerobes
ESBL and carbapenemases
NOT pseudomonas
Hepatic elimination
Folate Antagonists
SMX-TMP
SMX-TMP coverage
other strep
MSSA/MSSE
MRSA-CA
gram neg. (CA)
Burkholderia
Stenotrophomonas
Pneumocystis
Nocardia
Lincosamides
clindamycin
Clindamycin coverage
other strep
MSSA/ MSSE
MRSA-CA
Anaerobes
acne
anthrax
No renal adjustments
Nitroimidazoles
metronidazole
Metronidazole coverage
Anaerobes
C. diff
trichomonas
entamoeba
giardiasis
H. pylori tx
Hepatic elimination
Glyco-, Glycolipo-, Lipopeptides
daptomycin
vancomycin
Daptomycin coverage
S. pneumo
other strep
MSSA/ MSSE
MRSA-CA
MRSA-HA
E. faecalis
E. faecium
SSTI
Endocarditis (not pneumonia)
VRE coverage
Vancomycin coverage
S. pneumo
other strep
MSSA/MSSE
MRSA-CA
MRSA-HA
E. faecalis
oral anaerobes
Oral C. diff
NOT VRE
Oxazolidinones
Linezolid
Linezolid coverage
S. pneumo
other strep
MSSA/MSSE
MRSA-CA
MRSA- HA
E. faecalis
E. faecium
oral anaerobes
VRE Coverage
No renal adjustments
Polymyxins
Polymyxin B Sulfate
Colistimethate
Polymyxins Coverage
gram negs. (CA, HA)
including ESBL and carbapenemases
Urinary tract agents
Nitrofurantoin
Nitrofurantoin coverage
E. faecalis
E. faecium
Gram neg. (CA)