Industrial & Institutional Control of Insects & Vertebrates

Flashcards about industrial and institutional control of insects and vertebrates, based on a study guide from the Nevada State Department of Agriculture.

Why is a thorough inspection important before attempting pest control?

To gather information that will be used to make pest management decisions, assess the scope of the infestation, and determine the best methods of treatment and prevention.

What should a thorough inspection for pests include?

Asking the customer questions about the problem and thoroughly examining the building or site.

What is the importance of accurately diagnosing a pest problem?

Effective pest control relies on identifying the pest, understanding its life history, and recognizing environmental factors that contribute to the infestation.

What is Integrated Pest Management (IPM)?

An approach to pest control that uses a combination of methods, including chemical, mechanical, and environmental controls.

What is the purpose of an ongoing evaluation in pest control?

To determine the success or failure of a control strategy and assess whether pest numbers are at a minimal level, increasing, or if new problems are appearing.

What are the four distinctive characteristics of arthropods?

Segmented body, jointed appendages, a skeleton on the outside of the body (exoskeleton), and growth involving molting.

What characteristics define insects as a distinct class of arthropods?

Three body regions (head, thorax, abdomen); three pairs of legs (restricted to the thorax); one pair of antennae; and wings (usually) in the adult stage.

What are instars in insect growth?

Distinct stages after eggs hatch, separated by molting, where insects shed their exoskeleton.

What is metamorphosis in insect development?

A distinct change in form resulting from molting; it can be incomplete (simple) or complete.

What are the three basic life forms in incomplete metamorphosis?

Egg, nymph, and adult.

What are the four basic life forms in complete metamorphosis?

Egg, larva, pupa, and adult.

What are tegmina?

The thickened and leathery front wings of adult cockroaches.

What are ootheca?

Bean-like egg capsules which contain dozens of eggs.

What are some signs of a cockroach infestation?

Dead cockroaches, cast skins, empty egg cases, fecal droppings, fecal stains, and a foul odor.

What are the four most frequent domiciliary cockroaches?

German, brown-banded, American, and Oriental cockroaches.

What is a key characteristic of the German cockroach?

Two dark stripes that run lengthwise along the pronotum, behind the head.

Where are Brown-banded cockroaches usually found?

Cabinets, chairs, boxes, drawers, and high areas of a building.

Where are Oriental cockroaches usually found?

Around moist, dark sites like floor and storm drains, water-meter boxes, and sewers.

Where are American cockroaches usually found?

Damp locations such as sewer systems, basements, and dishwashing rooms.

What is a key characteristic of Field cockroaches?

They are not repelled by light.

What is the key characteristic of smoky brown cockroaches?

Uniformly shining, brownish black or mahogany in color

What are some common habitats for Turkestan cockroach?

Water meter boxes, cracks between blocks of poured concrete, compost piles, leaf litter, and potted plants

What can be used to irritate cockroaches and cause them to move out of hiding places?

"Flushing" sprays of pyrethrins

What is fundamental to cockroach control?

Sanitation

What is a serious limitation of insecticide use when concerning cockroach control?

The development of insecticide resistance by cockroach populations

What are essential aspects of Ant identification?

The narrow portion is called a pedicel or petiole which has one or two segments and bears an upright lobe. The petiole is used in the identification of various ant groups. Ants have antennae that are bent, or elbowed.

What are key traits of carpenter ants?

They excavate nests in wood and do not eat wood; instead, they scavenge on dead insects, insect honeydew, and other materials

How do Pavement ants eat?

Pavement ants are omnivorous eating dead and live insects, honeydew, meats, grease, young plants and planted seeds.

What are Pharaoh ants known to feed on?

They feed on a wide range of foods that include syrups, jellies, grease, cake, and pet foods.

What is it that thief ants do to other other ant species, which has given it its common name?

The robbing of food and brood

What do Acrobat ants eat?

Live and dead insects and are also known to tend aphids, mealy bugs, and treehoppers in order to consume their sugary excrement known as honeydew

what gives odorous house ants their name?

When a single individual is crushed, a distinct musty odor (a ketone) described as that of rotten coconuts is emitted

What do Argentine ants prefer to eat?

Sweets

What is often found in areas where grease or oily substances can be found?

Pavement ants

Which ant is very small and yellow or pale red?

Pharaoh ants

Which ant is about 3 mm long, and light to dark brown in color, with one node?

Argentine ant

Which ant has a painful sting, and can be very aggressive?

Southern fire ant

Which ant tends honeydew-producing insects?

Ghost ant

Where is the Velvety tree ant usually found?

Hollows or crotches of trees and in stumps.

What is critical for the ant control of Pharaoh ants?

Sanitation is essential.

Effective control of ants relies first on accurate of species.

identification

What do Silverfish feed on?

Starchy and protein-rich materials; natural fabrics and rayon, highly refined paper, glue and paste, and books or linens

What do Carpet Beetles feed on?

Wool, hair, feathers, skin, furs and stored grains and other foodstuffs.

What feature do Moths have that Butterflys do not?

Moths have tapered, hair-like or feathery antennae

What are common control methods for Clothes Moths?

periodic dry cleaning or laundering, proper storage, freezing, heating, fumigating with dry ice, trapping, or insecticide application.

How may Cricket populations be reduced?

Reduction in cricket habitats around the foundation (such as plant debris, tall grass and mulch) is the primary control for crickets.

Describe the Flour Beetle

Adult flour beetles are reddish-brown in color and less than 3 mm long

Describe Sawtoothed Grain Beetles

The adult beetle is about 3 mm in length, similar in size to the flour beetles. It is elongate in general body shape, flattened, and distinctively marked with a series of six saw like projections or teeth along the sides of the thorax.

Describe the Merchant Grain Beetle

Smaller temple area just behind the eyes

Describe the Angoumois Grain Moth

The adult moth is buff or yellowish brown and the forewings have two or three to a few dark spots

Describe the Indian Meal Moth

The adult stage of the Indian meal moth is about 12 mm long, generally gray in color with bronzy wing tips.

What are some methods of controlling insects in stored foods?

Infested materials should be discarded, if possible. Since the larvae can also feed on spilled foods, the cupboard areas should be thoroughly cleaned. Remaining items that are susceptible should be treated to kill the insects. Deep freezing for several days or heating to 125 to 130°F for a few hours can be effective.

What insect is characterized by having a single pair of membranous wings?

Flies (Order: Diptera)

What diseases have flies been associated with?

Cholera, dysentery, and typhoid, and tuberculosis.

What are Blow Flies known to breed on?

Decaying carcasses and animal feces.

What are House Flies known to develop in?

Garbage, animal waste, culled fruits and vegetables, and spilled animal feed.

What are Face Flies habits and food source?

Secretions from the eyes, nose, and mouth of cattle and horses.

What are the Immature stages of Cluster Flies known to develop as?

Parasites in earthworms.

What is the preferred organic matter for Fruit Flies?

Fermenting organic matter, such as leftover beer or soft drinks remaining in opened containers.

What is essential for the fly control of Flies?

Sanitation practices that remove breeding areas

Where do Fungus Gnats breed?

Mushrooms and decaying plant materials, potting mixes used for house plants and high-organic matter plant mixtures

What is a common trait of Bat Bugs and Bedbugs?

Short, broad head, broadly attached to an oval body.

What do Bedbugs feed on?

Blood

How long can can adults live without feeding (Bedbugs)?

A year or more

Where is it best to concentrate treatments for Bat Bugs?

Concentrated on living areas below the attic

What color do Bedbugs turn immediatly after feeding?

Reddish blood smears

What three diseases are deer ticks the primary carriers of?

Ehrlichiosis, Lyme disease and tick-borne relapsing fever

Where are the Brown Dog Ticks likely to be found on its host of dogs?

Feed between the toes, near the ears, or around the anus of the host.

Do tick-control measures include reducing wildlife?

No, because wild animals such as rodents, rabbits, squirrels and deer continue to feed the ticks.

What are the main sources from which Fleas get food from?

Wild rodents and domestic animals

What are the social wasps?

Yellow jackets, hornets, umbrella (paper) wasps and wasps in the genus Mischocyttares

What are the three wasp casts?

Queens, workers and males/drones

How are aerial nests best controlled?

With the use of directed sprays forced into the opening and then over the entire nest.

What is known to be the most dangerous variety the bee's?

Africanized honeybees

Due ot what development were the Mosquito section changes?

Due to the development of an Aquatic (C5) license category, the mosquito section has been removed and placed in the Aquatic study guide.

How many spider legs are their?

Eight legs

What do spiders consume?

Insects and other small arthropods

What venomous spiders are found in Nevada?

The black widow and the desert brown spider

What characteristic do Funnel-Weavers have that is noted?

It has been found to cause necrotic spider bites, to those alike of the brown recluse spider.

What do Sun Spiders/Wind Scorpions eat?

Active hunters and feed at night on Arthropods

What are the distinguishing characteristics of Centipedes?

A single pair of legs per body segment with generally flattened and elongate in form.

What do centipede gnathopods (large hollow appendages) administer?

Venom, but the venom is not sufficiently toxic to be lethal to adults or small children.

What distinguishing features easily identify Scorpions?

Lobster like appearance, but especially by their fleshy tail that terminates in a bulbous sack and prominent stinger.

What are often brought by Delusional parasitosis sufferers for inspection?

Small particles such as, dust, skin flakes and other material

Domestic rodents have the ability to what?

Great reproductive capacity and their ability to thrive in a wide variety of environmental conditions.

Several Diseases are transmitted by contact with what?

Contaminated rat feces and urine, on food.

A young has a larger head and larger feet in proportion to its body size, than does a __.

rat, house mouse

What is considered the most common vertebrate pes?

rats

What does IPM, stand for?

Integrated Pest Control

Where or what should all bait boxes be labled or marked with?

1. The name, address and telephone number of the pest control business that performed the pest control; 2. The name of the rodenticide;3. The EPA registration number of the rodenticide; 4. The name and percentage of the active ingredient of the rodenticide ; and 5.The precautionary word and symbol for the rodenticide that is used by the manufacturer of the rodenticide on the product label.