9. Plant Cells, Tissues & Organs

Cell specialization ?

Cell specialization –

• Process where cells

develop specific structures and functions

Cell differentiation ?

Cell differentiation –

• Process where

unspecialized cells become specialized

cells

Meristematic cell – ?

Meristematic cell –

• an undifferentiated

cell that gives rise to a specific type of cell

Tissue -?

Tissue -

• A cluster of multiple similar cells

that share the same specialized function

Organ – ?

Organ –

• A combination of several types of

tissue collaborating to perform a specific

function

Plants continuously form ?

Plants continuously form new organs &

tissues

A node is ?

ex?

A node is

• a swelling of the stem that contains new cells for new tissues and organs

• such as: leaves, roots and flowers.

A plant’s most active growth occurs ?

A plant’s most active growth occurs near the tips.

Auxiliary buds are?

Auxiliary buds

• are dormant,

• but they have

the potential to produce new branches,

leaves and flowers

• Three types of organs make up the body of a plant: ?

• A fourth organ?

Three types of organs make up the

body of a plant:

1. Roots

2. Stems

3. Leaves

A fourth organ

• is the reproductive organ, in many but not all plants.

• This is the flower.

Leaves designed to ?

Leaves

• Designed to capture light and minimize water loss to conduct photosynthesis

Epidermis?

Epidermis

• Secrete a waxy cuticle that helps

reduce amount of water that

evaporates form the leaf’s surface

Parts of a Plant

Palisade Mesophyll ?

Parts of a Plant

Palisade Mesophyll

• Perform most of the photosynthesis in a

leaf.

• Arranged so that sun’s rays can pass

through the cell and hit chloroplasts

(Where photosynthesis takes place)

Parts of a Plant

Chloroplasts?

Parts of a Plant

Chloroplasts

• Organelles within plant cells that use the Sun’s energy to chemically convert CO2

into glucose

• Converting light into chemical energy for

the plant

Parts of a Plant

• Spongy Parenchyma /

Mesophyll ?

ex?

Parts of a Plant

Spongy Parenchyma /

Mesophyll

• A layer of cells with open spaces

(like a sponge) that contains gas for

photosynthesis.

• (CO₂ , H₂O , O₂)

Parts of a Plant

• Veins ?

Parts of a Plant

Veins (Xylem & Phloem)

• Found in vascular bundles in the

centre of the leaf (form leaf veins)

Xylem

• delivers water vapour to the

photosynthesizing cells

Phloem

• picks up the produced

glucose and delivers it to the rest of

the plant.

Parts of a Plant

• Guard Cells?

Parts of a Plant

Guard Cells

• Allows gases to move in and out

• Can change their share to control the pore openings (Stoma)

• Carbon dioxide enters, while

oxygen and water exit the stoma

Parts of a Plant

• Stems?

Parts of a Plant

Stems

A plant’s stem has two functions

• Offer Support for plant

• Transport nutrients throughout

plant (xylem / phloem)

Parts of a Plant

• Roots?

Parts of a Plant

Roots

A plant’s roots have three main

functions

1. To anchor the plant in the

ground

2. To take up water and minerals

from the soil

3. To store food supplies for later

use.

Parts of a Plant

• Types of Roots?

Parts of a Plant

Types of Roots

Tap Root

• One main root that grows larger and thicker than the rest,

• and anchors the plant firmly in the ground.

Fibrous Root

• Spread out horizontally near the surface,

• and stabilizes the soil. Preventing erosion and landslides

Root Structures & Functions

• Root Hairs are ?

Root Structures & Functions

Root Hairs are

• extensions of the root

• and bring water from the ground into the plant.

The cortex is responsible for ?

The cortex is responsible for

• transporting materials into the vascular bundle of the root through diffusion.

Root parenchyma ?

Root parenchyma

• stores sugars and carbohydrates made in the leaves through photosynthesis

Xylem ?

Xylem

• carries water with dissolved minerals from the roots to the rest of the plant.

The apical meristem ?

The apical meristem

• gives rise to the primary plant body

• and is responsible for the extension of the roots and shoots.

Parts of a Plant

• Flowers main function?

Flowers:

Produce ?

Attract ?

Produce ?

Parts of a Plant

Flowers

• The main function of the plant’s flowers is Reproduction.

Flowers:

• Produce gametes for sexual reproduction

• Attract insects and other animals for pollination

• Produce seeds and sometimes fruit after pollination

Buds and Type of Growth

• Primary growth?

• Growth in length

• Production of Leaves

Buds and Type of Growth

• Secondary growth?

• Growth in gerth in: stems

• Production of branches

• Stems