9. Plant Cells, Tissues & Organs

Cell specialization ?

Cell specialization –

• Process where cells

develop specific structures and functions

Cell differentiation ?

Cell differentiation –

• Process where

unspecialized cells become specialized

cells

Meristematic cell – ?

Meristematic cell –

• an undifferentiated

cell that gives rise to a specific type of cell

Tissue -?

Tissue -

• A group of similar cells working together for the same function.

Organ – ?

Organ –

• A structure made of different tissues working together to perform a specific function

Plants continuously form ?

Plants continuously form new organs &

tissues

A node is ?

ex?

A node is

• A swollen part of the stem where new tissues and organs form.

• such as: leaves, roots and flowers.

A plant’s most active growth occurs ?

A plant’s most active growth occurs near the tips of roots and shoots.

Auxiliary buds are?

Auxiliary buds

• are dormant (sleeping),

• but they have the potential to produce new branches, leaves and flowers

• Three types of organs make up the body of a plant: ?

• A fourth organ?

Three types of organs make up the

body of a plant:

1. Roots

2. Stems

3. Leaves

A fourth organ

• is the reproductive organ, in many but not all plants.

• This is the flower.

Leaves designed to ?

Leaves

• Designed to capture light and minimize water loss to conduct photosynthesis

Parts of a plant

Epidermis?

Epidermis

• Protective outer layer that secretes (releases) a waxy cuticle

• to reduce water loss from leaf’s surface

Parts of a Plant

Palisade Mesophyll ?

Parts of a Plant

Palisade Mesophyll

• Layer where most photosynthesis occurs in a leaf

• Arranged so that sun’s rays can pass through the cell and hit chloroplasts

(Where photosynthesis takes place)

Parts of a Plant

Chloroplasts?

Parts of a Plant

Chloroplasts

• Organelles where photosynthesis happens.

• use the Sun’s energy to chemically convert CO2 into glucose

• Converting light into chemical energy for the plant

Parts of a Plant

• Spongy Parenchyma /

ex?

Parts of a Plant

Spongy Parenchyma /

Mesophyll

• Loosely packed cells (like a sponge) with air spaces for gas exchange.

• that contains gas for photosynthesis.

• (CO₂ , H₂O , O₂)

Parts of a Plant

• Veins?

Parts of a Plant

Veins (Xylem & Phloem)

• Transport materials.

Xylem

• Carries water and minerals from roots to the plant.

Phloem

• Carries glucose (food) to the rest of the plant.

Parts of a Plant

• Guard Cells?

Parts of a Plant

Guard Cells

• Allows gases to move in and out

• Cells that open and close the stoma to control gas exchange.

• Carbon dioxide enters, while

oxygen and water exit the stoma

Parts of a Plant

• Stems?

Parts of a Plant

Stems

A plant’s stem has two functions

• Offer Support for plant

• Transport nutrients throughout

plant (xylem / phloem)

Parts of a Plant

• Roots?

Parts of a Plant

Roots

A plant’s roots have three main

functions

1. anchor the plant in the ground

2. absorb water and minerals from the soil

3. store food supplies for later use.

Parts of a Plant

• Types of Roots?

Parts of a Plant

Types of Roots

Tap Root

• One thick main root that anchors the plant in the ground.

Fibrous Root

• Many thin roots that spread out and prevent erosion and landslides

Root Structures & Functions

• Root Hairs are ?

Root Structures & Functions

Root Hairs are

• Extensions of the root that absorb water from the soil.

The cortex is responsible for ?

The cortex is responsible for

• Moves materials into the vascular tissue by diffusion.

Root parenchyma ?

Root parenchyma

• stores sugars and carbohydrates made in the leaves through photosynthesis

Xylem ?

Xylem

• carries water with dissolved minerals from the roots to the rest of the plant.

The apical meristem ?

The apical meristem

• Region where new cells form,

• causing root and shoot growth.

Parts of a Plant

• Flowers main function?

Flowers:

Produce ?

Attract ?

Produce ?

Parts of a Plant

Flowers

• The main function of the plant’s flowers is

• Reproduction.

Flowers:

• Produce gametes for sexual reproduction

• Attract insects and other animals for pollination

• Produce seeds and sometimes fruit after pollination

Buds and Type of Growth

• Primary growth?

• Where does primary growth occur?

• increases the length of roots and shoots.

• At the apical meristems of roots and shoots.

Buds and Type of Growth

• Secondary growth?

• Where does secondary growth occur?

• increases the width of stems and roots.

• In the lateral meristems of stems and roots.

What is dermal tissue?

What is dermal tissue?

• Protective tissue

• (epidermis, cuticle).

What is ground tissue?

What is ground tissue?

• Tissue for photosynthesis, storage, and support.

What is vascular tissue?

ex?

What is vascular tissue?

• Transport tissue

• (xylem & phloem).