IOE Food 24-25

Amino acid

Amino acid

Subunit of a protein composed of C, H, O and N. May sometimes contain S and P.

Monosaccharide

Single sugar unit that has the general formula CX (H2O)y e.g. glucose.

Disaccharide

Two sugar units joined together, e.g. maltose.

Polysaccharide

More than two sugar units joined together.

Anabolic Reaction

A reaction which requires energy due to the forming of bonds as small and simple molecules are converted to large and complex e.g. , photosynthesis. All reactions controlled by enzymes.

Catabolic Reaction

A reaction in which energy is released when large/complex molecules are broken down into small/simple molecules due to the breaking of bonds eg, respiration. All reactions controlled by enzymes.

Antibody

A protein that is produced in response to an antigen/pathogen.

Enzyme

Biological catalyst composed of protein.

Fat soluble vitamin

Vitamins that do not dissolve in water e.g. vitamin D. N.B. FatD

Water soluble vitamin

Vitamins that dissolve in water e.g. vitamin C

Triglyceride

 Subunit of a lipid composed of C, H and O in the form of two biomolecules; glycerol and fatty acids.

Phospholipid

 A lipid that has the 3rd fatty acid replaced by phosphate.

Fat

 Lipid that is solid at room temperature.

Hemoglobin

 Protein required to carry oxygen in the blood.

Hormone

Composed of protein that is designed to carry chemical messages around the human body dissolved in plasma of blood.

Oil

 lipid that is liquid at room temperature.

 Metabolism

Sum of all chemical reactions in a living organism.

 Trace Element

Mineral required by a living organism in small amounts e.g. Iron.