Studied by 2 people
bills of attainder
finding a person guilty of a crime without a trial -- prohibited
affirmative action
a policy designed to correct the effects of past discrimination
civil liberties
Constitutional freedoms guaranteed to all citizens
civil rights
positive acts of government designed to prevent discrimination and provide equality before the law
double jeopardy
being tried twice for the same offense
eminent domain
allows the government to take property for public use but also requires the government to provide just compensation for that property
Brown v. Board of Education
Supreme Court decision that ended legal segregation
ex post facto law
laws applied to acts committed before passage of the laws unconstitutional
incorporation
application of portions of the Bill of Rights to the states under the 14th Amendment
Establishment Clause
prohibits establishing a national religion
Free Exercise Clause
congress may not make laws restricting or prohibiting a person's religious practices
exclusionary rule
rule that evidence acquired as a result of an illegal act by police cannot be used against the person from whom it was seized
Equal Protection Clause
constitutional guarantee that everyone be treated equally under the 14th amendment
Lemon Test
standard set by the supreme court to measure the constitutionality of state laws regarding freedom of religion
pure speech
verbal expression before an audience that has chosen to listen
prior restraint
censorship of information before it is published
procedural due process
how the law is carried out according to established rules and procedures
self-incrimination
accusing oneself or giving evidence that may prove oneself guilty
symbolic speech
using actions or symbols rather than words to convey an idea
speech plus
verbal and symbolic speech used together
substantive due process
the policies of government or the subject matter of the laws determining what the law is about and whether the law is fair or if it violates constitutional protections
writ of habeas corpus
requires a judge to evaluate whether there is sufficient cause to keep a person in jail
Note
Flashcard