Chapter 12 - religion, reform, romanticism

second great awakening

early 1800s, evangelism converted millions

circuit riders

ministers on horseback ex: Peter Cartwright

camp meetings

frontier movement moving west, tents, 1000s of people, emotional, frontier opportunity for church and socializing

charles grandison finney

“father of professional revivalism” taught at oberlin college

lyman beecher

minister, called new york as the “burned over district” started in n.y. and spread to south

joseph smith

founded mormonism, led mormon trek from ny to illinois to utah

brigham young

succeeded joseph smith

horace mann

establishes the first massachusetts board of education

mann results

1. state supported teacher training

2. teaching associations and professional development

3. public school requirements/core classes

vassar

first women’s university 1865, regular college

oberlin college

first school to allow african americans, women allowed but lower status (can’t speak in class, cleaning responsibilities etc.)

temperance reform

want to end alcoholism problem

anti saloon league

meetings, protests, hymns, signs, march into saloons “no lips that touch liquor will ever touch mine”

dorothea dix

prison and asylum activist for more humane treatment, by 1860s, many state-run asylums

seneca falls convention

ny, discussed women’s rights, lucretia mott and elizabeth cady stanton

declaration of sentiments

written by elizabeth cady stanton, aka women’s declaration of independence

susan b anthony

later women’s suffrage figure

shaker community

ann lee stanley is leader, believed to be female jesus, celibacy

John Humphrey Noyes

founder of Oneida community, believed in complex marriage beginning at 14, eugenics

brook farm

literary figures and other intellectuals, kind of a think tank

ralph waldo emerson

founded club of transcendentalism

thoreau

went to emersons cabin on walden road, transcendentalist , jailed for not paying taxes supporting mexican war, wrote civil disobedience

popular press

new printing press, resulted in “penny” newspapers and cheap books, more people reading