Laid a foundation for the ruling of the country. First Ten Amendments make up the Bill of Rights
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Amendment I
Freedom of speech, press, religion, assembly, petition
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Amendment II
Right to bear arms
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Amendment III
Prevents government from forcing homeowners to allow soldiers to use their homes (quartering of troops)
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Amendment IV
Prevents the government from unreasonable search and seizure of the individual of their private property
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Amendment V
Indictment, double jeopardy, protection against self-incrimination, due process
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Amendment VI
Speedy and public trial impartial jury in criminal cases, cross examination of adverse witnesses
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Amendment VII
Extends the right to a jury trial in federal civil cases
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Amendment VIII
Bars excessive bail and fines and also prevents cruel and unusual punishment
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Amendment VIIII
States that things not mentioned in the constitution are valid (listing rights in the Constitution doesn’t deny others)
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Amendment X
The Federal Government only has those powers delegated in the Constitution. If it isn’t listed, it belongs to the states or to the people (delagated and reserved)
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Amendments
There are 27 Amendments overall in the Constitution
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Articles of the Constitution
7 Articles total, Organize the branches of the government
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Article I
Creates the legislative branch of the U.S. government, which includes the House of Representatives and the Senate. Together, they are called the Congress.
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Article II
Creates the executive branch of government and gives the executive power to the president.
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Article III
Creates the judicial branch of government, consisting of the Supreme Court and any inferior courts Congress creates
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Article IV
Sets rules for the relationships among the states and for admitting new states, and guarantees each state will be a republic.
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Article V
Enables the Constitution to be amended and sets rules for how to amend it.
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Article VI
Establishes the Constitution and other U.S. laws as the supreme law of the land, superior to state laws.
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Article VII
Explains that the Constitution would be ratified when nine states approved it.
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Virginia Plan
Outlined strong national government with three branches: executive..etc. Also called for a bi-cameral congress with proportional representation.
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New Jersey Plan
Designed to protect smaller states; wanted to limit each state to one vote in congress (was not executed) - equal representation
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Great Compromise (Connecticut Compromise)
House membership apportioned by population; senate equal representation. Meant to combine the ideas of the NJ Plan and VA Plan
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Three-Fifths Compromise
Only 3 of every 5 enslaved persons could be counted to determine state population.
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Electoral College
Set up a way of electing the president so that larger states don't have an unfair advantage over smaller states. Each state gets the same amount of electors as it has in congress